Mindless of Society Essay

One theme Ray Bradbury developed in the novel Fahrenheit 451 is â€Å"mindless of mass culture†. In the novel is a city where no emotion exists, and where the society is happy, but realizing that the society is actually miserable. People are antisocial and are mindless zombies. Individuals can just enter your house without telling any details on what there are doing. Ray Bradbury had shown the theme mindlessness of mass culture is using metaphors, similes, and foreshadowing. Ray Bradbury has created a character names Beatty, who is the chief of the fire department, states a metaphor of mindlessness of mass culture. Beatty tells Montag. â€Å"If you don’t want a house built, hide the nails and wood. If you don’t want a man happy politically, don’t give him two sides of a question to worry him; give him one. Better yet, give him none. † This quote is saying to not give humans an answer to think of. If a person has the answer to a question, someone else could possibly argue with their opinion and cause a commotion. That is why in Fahrenheit 541, that society is a place not to think and react. Another way Ray Bradbury has shown the mindless mass culture is though the character Faber. Faber is an old man and a friend to Montag, He compares how book are almost the same as society. How books need quality, able to understand and those are something that you need to find in people. Faber tell Montag, â€Å"Number one: Books have to have to have quality. Number two: One needs leisure to digest it. Number three: One needs the right to carry out actions based on what they have learned from the first and second lesson. † Books are compared to how people are in the present and how books are not needed because the current technology which the society has will start replacing books. Eventually books will not be need is in life. Another way the mindless of mass culture is shown in Fahrenheit 451 is when Clarisse had died. Clarisse is a 17 year old girl, who is different from everyone in the society in Fahrenheit 451. She was a person who liked to question things in society or anything that goes around her. She was a very intelligent person, but a tragic event happened. She died and no one knows if she had committed suicide or if someone had killed her. Milderd the wife of Montag tells him, â€Å"Whole family moved out somewhere, but she gone for good, I think she is dead. No, the same girl, McClellan McClellan. Run over by a car. Four days ago. I’m not sure. But I think she dead. The family moved out anyways. I don’t know. But I think she’s dead. † How this relates to the mindless of mass culture sense nobody cares if something important had been taken away, such as loved for one. The society just forgets about everything they used to have. It shows how the society foreshadows everything that they do. The theme mindless of mass culture was expressed by characters in the book; the theme had a very big impact on everyone in the society. This theme has affected each one mind and making every person in society to be like a robot which no emotions at all.

Situation in Syria Mun!

Committee Name: General Assembly Committee Topic: Situation in Syria Country Name: Canada A. Dating back to the time of the Ottoman Empire, the situation in Syria has become increasingly violent over time. [1] Back in 1911, an organization called Al-Fatat (Young Arab Society) was founded. [1] According to research, it was basically a secret Arab nationalist organization that aimed to gain independence and unity for multiple Arab nations that was, at the time, under Ottoman rule; their movement was a successful on that took them to their independence from the Ottoman rule. 1] However, it wasn’t until February 5, 1919 that the first official political party, the Instiqlal Party, was formed since the independence. The political party is what changed the history of Syria. [1] In 1970, a man named Hafez al-Assad became President of Syria. He was the president who amended the Syrian constitution in order to reduce the age of the President from 40 to 30. This allowed his son Bashar a l-Assad to become a ruling president in 2000, unopposed. 1] Since his presidency, Syria has become very violent because of the numerous rebel groups that are against this ruler who claims that he will be Syria’s only ruler; a ruler for life. Recent news articles state that Syria has been experiencing much worse battles compared to those in Libya because of the political unrest. [1] B. The UN has taken several minor actions in reducing this so called revolution taking place in Syria. By doing so, the UN has passed resolutions that have helped alleviate some of the unrest in Syria.However, the problem has increasingly still remains and has gotten progressively worse over the years. For example, the UN drafted a resolution in June 28, 2011 that was called the â€Å"Arab League Plan†. This resolution focused on how Syria can transition to a democratic, plural political system, in which citizens are equal despite ethnicities, beliefs, or affiliations. [2] Not only that, but this resolution also called on the Syrian Government to cease violence against civilians and to withdraw its armed forces with cities and towns and return them to their barracks. 2] After much discussion, this resolution has been recently voted on and was double vetoed by the countries of Russia and China. [2] Therefore, the UN must continue to discuss and come to compromises on this matter immediately in order to prevent any further mass causality in Syria. C. The country of Canada has been a major source as Syria’s international partner to pave the way for a peaceful transition to a society that needs respect for fundamental rights of its entire people. 3] In the past, Canada has supported Syria’s situation by supplying Syria’s embassy with diplomatic staffs to better the country’s border control in order monitor what the people bring in and out of the country. [4] To be more specific, Canada was assisting Syria’s by making sure rebel groups wer e not smuggling any illicit weapons that can further threaten the people in Syria. However, as instability grew in Syria, Canada began to reduce their staff in concern for the wellbeing of their own citizens residing in Syria. 4] Canada’s main priority, as of recent, is to urge all Canadians to leave Syria now before the violence escalades. By doing so, Canada will continue the use of sanctions on Syria under the Special Economic Measures Act in response to the continued repression of Syrian civilians and Syria’s failure to implement the Arab League plan to resolve the crisis. [5] When this is somewhat achieved, Canada will slowly reduce the sanctions understanding that sanctions may cause the situation in Syria to worsen.To keep the peace going in such a situation, the country of Canada would like to push for peace talks held in Geneva that would be between the Big 5, Syrian government, Syrian people, Middle Eastern countries, and Canada or any other countries in the UN as mediator in order to come to compromises and negotiations, especially after the recent double vetoed resolution made by the Security Council just recently. Lastly, Canada would like to focus briefly on the humanitarian aspect in Syria.As part of the EU, Canada actively participates in an organization called MSF. (Medecins Sans Frontieres) This organization is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organization that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters. [6] The country of Canada has found this organization very effective in such situations for it has helped humanitarian issues in Myanmar and other Third World Nations. [6]

Accounting Standards at Bank of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Accounting Standards at Bank of China - Essay Example The PROC (hereafter China) has been undergoing a transformation when the Communist Party decided to open up the country’s economy to the world in 1978. Since then, China has become a socio-economic miracle: a communist-socialist country of over a billion people transforming its economy into the 2nd largest in the world after that of the United States, and an economic superpower that accounts for significant economic developments in the world such as the recent increases in the price of oil, metals, and other commodities to the lowering of production costs for global products such as clothes, appliances, and machineries, amongst many other things (World Bank, 1993; Stiglitz, 2002). The Bank of China Ltd. (hereafter BOC) was founded in 1912, and until the 1949 communist takeover has performed various functions: as China’s central bank, a foreign exchange bank, and a commercial bank specializing in trade finance with branches all over China and in the major financial capitals of the world. After 1949, BOC was turned into a specialized foreign exchange bank. In 1994, it evolved into a state-owned commercial bank; in 2002, its holding company that was majority-owned by the Chinese government was listed on the Hongkong Stock Exchange; and in 2004, it was again transformed into a joint stock commercial bank in preparation for its initial public offering sometime after 2008 (BOC, 2006, p. 2-5). China has a communist form of government and a socialist market economic system with capitalist features: the factors of economic production such as enterprises, land, and capital are owned by the proletariat but managed by the government that allows the people their use and usufruct.

Convection Currents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Convection Currents - Essay Example This is known as a thermal. Figure 1 cloud formation, which may produce a thunderstorm. A cumulonimbus cloud, or "thunderhead," is a particularly dramatic example of a convection cell. Eventually the heated cell is cooled by the surrounding air, begins to fall, and the cycle is repeated. Whereas the Sun's electromagnetic energy is the energy source for atmospheric convection, asthenospheric convection is fueled by radioactive decay in the earth's core. The convective cells form in the asthenosphere, a region of extremely high pressure at a depth of about 60-200 miles where rocks are deformed and become molten by enormous pressures. In the asthenosphere, the molten material rises in a convection current until it hits the bottom of the upper layer of Earth's interior consisting of the crust and the mantle. Here, it can not rise any farther and begins to move horizontally. Figure 2 depicts the movement of the convection cells in the asthenosphere. The red areas are the heated molten material rising from the earth's center and moving toward the surface. As the material reaches the surface it Figure 2 Eventually the material cools and as it does it becomes denser. This material then slowly sinks through the lighter material until it is again heated by the earth's core. It forms a new convection cell and repeats this same process. In both the atmosphere and the asthenosphere material is moved from one region to another. Lower air levels rise to become the upper air, and as the cooler upper air cells fall they become ground level air. Within the Earth, irregular convection cells within the mantle transfer heat from the core to the surface of the planet. This process is the driving force behind both heat transfer and plate tectonics ("The Restless Earth"). The effect of the rising material also forms mountain ranges. This process also transfers energy from one area to another. This transfer of energy can result in violent activity if the transfer happens abruptly. In the atmosphere we see it form high winds and thunderstorms. In the asthenosphere, energy is usually transferred by heating the earth's crust. In other cases, it may result in a volcano or an earthquake. The hydrosphere is also an active medium that is powered by convection. The movement of convection cells is the force behind the ocean currents. Circulation patterns in the oceans are driven by density differences between warmer and colder hydrospheric cells. As the water circulates, material and energy are transferred. The ocean's water is heated by the sun as well as undersea hot air vents. It is cooled by the polar ice caps. Convection is also responsible for the action of the water cycle. As the sun heats the surface water on the earth, it evaporates and becomes water vapor. This warmed vapor rises until it encounters the cooler air at higher altitudes. Here it condenses back into water and returns to earth as precipitation ("The Water Cycle"). Convection takes place anytime there is a mass of gas or liquid on the earth. It causes our weather, winds, and ocean currents. Convection heats our air and creates our mountain ranges. It results

Jehovah Witnesses Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jehovah Witnesses Religion - Research Paper Example The first misconception that I had about Jehovah’s Witness congregation members is that they were forced to knock on people’s doors and witness to them all of the time. This always gave me the impression that they were very aggressive individuals. I do not mind meeting with people in my home to talk about my religious beliefs. Evangelical groups and Mormon missionaries have often visited me. I don’t know if it is simply a matter of style or what, but the Jehovah’s Witness members that I would meet with always seemed tense and ready to argue. I was told that this is the case because they are required to spend a set quota of time each week knocking on people’s doors, distributing the Watchtower magazine and trying to convert people into Jehovah’s Witnesses. My research into this religion showed me that Jehovah’s Witnesses are not required to knock on doors. They do it out of a motivation to spread the Gospel of Jesus, as they understand it. There are no quotas as to the amount of time a person needs to spend in this type of activity but the Jehovah’s Witnesses do make it clear that witnessing as an expected part of the religion, be it door-to-door or otherwise. I understand more fully now the doctrine and motivation that inspire Jehovah’s Witnesses to do what they do. The second coming of Jesus is central to their theology. They really believe that they need to get the word our now before it is too late. What I also learned from my research is the fact that when a special conference is planned, Jehovah’s Witnesses from surrounding areas will concentrate their efforts in order to try to convince people in the community to attend the conference (Byrd, 2011). My prior understanding of this religion was altered through this experience in several ways. First of all, I have a greater respect for the adherents of this religion. Through a greater understanding of their doctrine and after having met with several of them, I can see that my biggest misunderstanding was their motivation for door-to-door meetings. My early assumption was that no one would ever choose to do something like that unless they were compelled to do it. I believe d in all of the rumors I had heard concerning quotas and that they would lose their chosen spot in heaven if they did not go out to try and sell the Watchtower magazine. My research helped me to see past these misconceptions and to view members of the Jehovah’s Witness church in a new light. Instead of seeing aggressive people that were knocking on my door because church leaders compelled them, I now see dedicated individuals committed to living their religion as best they can. This change has been brought about by thorough independent research and meeting with Jehovah’s Witnesses so I could get to know them. What has not changed as a result of my research, however, is the difficulty I have concerning several specific points of doctrine. The preoccupation with the return of Jesus is something that I understood the Jehovah’s Witnesses had going into the research. Their peculiar beliefs concerning the 144,000 chosen to live with God and the evolution of the Earth into a place like the Garden of Eden do not endear me to their religion. Nor does the fact that predictions have been made in year’s past about the coming of Jesus that have been proven false or have been rationalized by saying that the return was â€Å"secret† in some way (What†¦, 2008). The best way to sum up how this experience has altered my prior understanding of the Jehovah’s Witnesses would be to say that I have a greater respect for them as people and adherents of a faith, but even more questions and reservations

ZipCar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ZipCar - Essay Example Based on the case and financial projections, it is clear that main value drivers of ZipCar include its resources (cars), targeting the right customer segments and operating costs. The following analysis has helped in arriving at some key findings, which can be of great help to not only improve the business but also can add weight to the concept to attract investment. The revised financial projections for ZipCar has incorporated changes with respect to subscription fees according to customers’ needs and has increased the per mile charge in comparison with competitors. Considering the business potential and huge investment that is required for ZipCar to function as expected and to expand, it is also important that it minimizes costs wherever possible. One key area that incurs huge costs is obtaining cars on lease. As per the present projections, ZipCar would require $4,400/year to lease one car and would require an average of 50 cars per year and is expecting to increase the num ber of serviceable cars on a yearly basis. This would mean increase in leasing costs. Moreover, there is also an apprehension that car companies might not find this business promising if they have to lease too many cars to one company. The projections reveal between 10% to 25% growth on a yearly basis. The NPV is calculated using three discount rate assumptions (10%, 15%, 20%) based on the projections (see Exhibit i). The growth of the business as shown in revised financial plan does not indicate any uniformity; however the minimum growth rate is at 14%; hence, calculation of NPV with discount rates assumptions below, above and at that point seemed logical in this case. With similar notion, the terminal value of business has been calculated (Exhibit i). These figures indicate that for an investment of $1.3 million to fetch a growth of at least 15% returns, it becomes necessary that the business maintains a steady growth rate at 10% over next 5 years. In order to achieve this, it is also necessary that profitability is increased for which the below described recommendation might of some help. Besides business expansion, profitability can also be increased by minimizing costs. One possible and implementable solution is to minimize costs incurred by leasing out cars, which attracts much of the investment. This can be done by leasing cars from individuals only a monthly basis (rent) rather than yearly basis. Considering risk factor, it would be better that ZipCar takes 30% of its cars from individuals that do not use their cars too often in exchange of money on a monthly basis. While ZipCar can own the responsibility of these cars in case of damage, it can avoid maintenance of 30% of its cars as it already pays rent to the individuals. The fuel expenses will be borne by the customers. By doing so, ZipCar can save costs incurred towards leasing, maintenance, and insurance of 30% of the cars. Changes in financial projection if such model is adopted has been shown in Exhibits ii and iii; the NPV and TV of the firm after incorporating this recommendation is included in Exhibit i. Exhibit i NPV= Net present value DR = Discount Rate TV= Terminal value of investment Exhibit ii. Recommended model: Exhibit iii: Comparison between original, revised and recommended

Movie Review of Children of Heaven Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Review of Children of Heaven - Coursework Example The love and affectionate affair that exists between these two is the main theme that the director portrays in the movie. He uses this to bring to the fore the fact that with love, it is possible to live in harmony despite poverty and hard economic times. Ali and his sister Zara cover up each other’s weaknesses which is not a very common occurrence among siblings. In most instances, sibling rivalry dominates. Furthermore, the fact that the two go as far as sacrificing their studies and receiving punishments just to conceal a mistake done by another is commendable. To achieve this without selling the fact that it is a dramatization, the director develops very specific personality trait among his characters. Ali volunteers to go look for his sister’s shoes; this is a show of love which very easily introduces the audience to the kind of affection and understanding among the two. While at the market place, he leaves the shoes unattended. This is not because he is preoccupie d with his own little games but because he saved a little penny and is therefore buying his little sister a cookie. With such a background, it becomes very realistic to understand that the two had shared a very cordial relationship. The director also achieves great success in depicting abject poverty in the movie. Ali’s family plays the role of a poverty stricken family. This is a role that they all play very effectively. An ailing mother, a jobless father, and semi dressed children bring this out very clearly. When Ali’s father later gets a gardening job, the rich and flamboyant northern Tehran brings out the difference clearly. The housing technique in this neighborhood clearly brings out the difference between the rich and the poor in this Islamic society. Furthermore, Ali accompanies his father to the town where he plays with a son to the rich family while his father is busy doing the gardening job. The director succeeds in bringing a clear cut difference between t he two children. In his tattered shirt and bare feet, Ali is distinct and a true representation of poverty. Alizera, the rich child, on the other hand is flamboyantly dressed and plays with restrain unlike Ali who is shocked at every new thing he discovers. Children are normally the true representation of the society; they offer the most basic level upon which a society may be judged and this is so because they rarely lie. Ali and Alizera do just this in depicting their class differences. Done in an Islamic society, the movie does not show it which a success. A number of stereotypes have been associated with the Islamic societies. Their very stringent cultural guidelines especially those demeaning the girl child are not depicted in the movie. Zara goes to school and is in deed a very dedicated student and a darling to most of her teachers. At school, there are quite a number of female teachers. This is unlike a typical Islamic society that most western movies and other literatures h ave succeeded in developing in the minds of many; a society in which a girl child is not valued. In a much concealed manner, the director communicates what an ideal Islamic society is. Ali’s family is a vey poor one which, if anything, should have married off their little pretty daughter to earn some financial support. However, unlike the expected, the family sends her to school and no form of negotiations that would either lead to an

A Study into the Process of Downsizing and Reengineering Essay - 2

A Study into the Process of Downsizing and Reengineering - Essay Example wnsizing and reengineering as well as practical applications need to stress total quality management (TQM), improvement of total level of strategic thinking, reengineering instead of downsizing whenever possible, process safety management (PSM), and other factors. Managing expert Geoffrey James argues that downsizing is one of the five stupid management concepts that should be cut from the management corpus (2010). â€Å"How, exactly, did the company get into a situation where it needed to fire people in order to remain competitive?†, James asks. Yes, markets can be unpredictable and things can change at the drop of a hat, but this is what management is for. Downsizing is a sign of company failure: It is a sign that the company did not anticipate the changing marketplace and grew too much or spent too much. Downsizing is passing the buck: Management failed, but workers pay the bill. When downsizing is required, CEOs should be fired, not improved. Reengineering needs to be conceptually separated from downsizing. Downsizing is almost by definition cutting down capital, particularly labor. It involves terminating peoples jobs, hurting resumes, economic dislocation and externalizing onto the system. But reengineering is a far more generic term. Reengineerings popularity has led to a backlash effect (Business Architects, 1999). It is often confused for downsizing, and thus has become negatively associated with the concept. Further, reengineering, unlike downsizing, can be conceptually â€Å"fuzzy† (Business Architects, 1999). Whats the bright line between reengineering and simply changing a companys strategic approach? If reengineering involves firing some people, isnt that downsizing? What if it merely involves some demotions, or some increases in responsibility without commensurate increases in pay? Nonetheless, reengineering is in fact very different from downsizing, and has unfortunately been falsely associated with do wnsizing when it is conceptually

Supply and Demand in substitute products (cell phones) in our current Research Paper

Supply and Demand in substitute products (cell phones) in our current time - Research Paper Example To illustrate, as Luo (2006) points out, if government imposes higher tax rates on cell phones, consumer demand for cell phones would decline whereas demand and supply would increase when the government sets favorable tax rates. Government policies regarding imports can also significantly affect the demand and supply in the cell phone industry. Similarly, as Pierskalla and Hollenbach (2013) point out, technology also plays an inevitable role determining the demand and supply of cell phone products. The industry analysts say that technological innovations can reduce the production costs of products like cell phones and this situation in turn would increase their demand and supply. In addition, advancements in technology would assist cell phone manufacturers to offer technologically improved products to customers and consequently the demand and supply would be improved. Evidently, cost of production is inversely related to demand and supply (Hortman, n.d.). When the cost of production increases, manufactures will be compelled to charge higher prices for their products and this in turn would lead to a decline in demand and supply. In emerging countries like China and India, labor costs are relatively low and therefore production costs can be notably reduced. According to Sugden (2022, P. 42), nature of the industry can influence the demand and supply to some extent. Today cell phones have become increasingly popular and therefore people consider it as a necessity product. As a result, the supply and demand of cell phones would remain to be stable regardless of small variations in price. Degree of Competitiveness Degree of competitiveness is very high in the cell phone industry because there are numerous potential players like Nokia, Samsung, LG, and Sony operating in this sector (see Figure 1). Price competition is very common in the cell phone indus try because every marketer tries to improve the demand and supply of his products in order to obtain an edge over competitors by taking advantages of price sensitivity of modern customers. Therefore, a cell phone marketer cannot sustain in the industry if he fixes prices above the par industry prices. In addition, cell phone companies compete based on technology also. To illustrate, today cell phone marketers integrate technological features like video facility, high MP cameras, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPRS, dual sim, external memory into their products with intent to retain customer interests. In order to address the intense market competition, the firm’s managers should particularly try to keep their labor costs and material costs low and thereby minimize costs of production. For this, managers need to establish their production plants in countries where cost of raw materials and labor is relatively low. Effects of Macroeconomic Events A decline in the relative value of the US do llar can have a significant impact on the demand and supply of cell phones. Evidently a declining value of the US dollar would directly lead to an increase in US import prices (Effects of a Falling Dollar). It is clear that the US cell phone market is dominated by foreign companies and hence a fall in the relative v

The Muslim World Essay Example for Free

The Muslim World Essay World is divided into different divisions depending upon the economic conditions, race, culture and most importantly religion. The division of world is more evident after the September 11 attacks into Muslim world and anti-Muslim world. The political ideology and attitudes were now deeply rooted among the individuals also. â€Å"The anti-Muslim attitudes of West united the Muslim world â€Å"is a blanket statement and have strong relevance to the present day. Western attitude: The conflict between in not a new one, it is continuing from 14 centuries some of the conflicts of the history are Ottoman Turkish empire expansion, quasi-colonial regimes by Britain and France, Britain occupation of Iran etc. The first and most important issue is the stand of United States in the ‘Israeli-Palestinian’ Conflict. The need to explain the policies of it on the issue were undermined and unheard. The role of the Western media which is publishing derogatory statements is also a cause of concern. US media used the terms such as Muslim fundamentalist, Shia extremist, Wahhabi zealots, Islamic Jihad, Islamic suicide bomber, Arab killer etc (Ali Khalid, 2008). The Muslim world is victimized more than the situation. Many allegations made by the West on different Muslim countries without any proofs. West failed in providing the evidence of the allegations after the war against the Iraq and its shift in the reasons for war, Muslim prisoners were tortured even after the wars, prolonged occupation etc are also serving as anti-American resentment (Duiker Spielvogel, 2009). Strong factors that united Muslim World: The anti-Muslim attitude united the Muslim world and started to have a common perception as a whole on West. The main reasons for this is unfavorable images where the Muslims are unfairly portrayed in media, Western Military presence in middle east making them U. S long term military base brining insecurity in the region, The containment policy toward Iraq with economic and military sanctions on it, the strong U. S policy towards the Arab-Israeli conflict, Support of the West to unpopular regimes etc. All these factors are allowing the Muslim world to rethink on their status ( Prados, 2001). From the Western perspective the main reasons for the anti-American resentment in the Muslim world is due to education, media and Anti-Americanism (Gentzkow, Shapiro, 2004). West counters: Even West is taking some of the measures to overcome this anti-American negative approach such as implementing the trade and aid programs to decrease economic inequalities, to change the unfavorable image, seeking support on U. S policy on Iraq, planning to developing new strategy on Arab-Israeli peace negotiations, influence positive open political systems etc. Conclusion: U. S is successful in brining gap between the Muslim world to an extent where it divided it into US allies, US enemies and Neutral countries basing on its relations. As a whole West is using all its strategies to change its image and forcing the Muslim world to react to against terrorism, the Muslim world persecution is different. But carefully watching Muslim world is aware of the West motives and started to have a common agenda and this will be fruitful in coming days. The statement â€Å"The anti-Muslim attitudes of West united the Muslim world† is justified by looking at the anti-Muslim factors causing the unification of Muslim world. Even though the West and U. S in particular are taking the measure to have a better image in the Muslim World, the Muslim community is expecting more and concrete steps at ground level rather than confining to the media statements. Annotated Bibliography: Ali, S Khalid (2008). Mass Media and Muslim World: Portrayal of Muslim by â€Å"News Week† and â€Å"Time† (1991-2001). European Journal of Scientific Research, 21, 554-580. This is a research article which examines the representation and coverage of 12 Muslim countries. This investigation was done by the Time Magazine and the New Week during 1991-2001. This article has presented content analysis of 218 articles which belongs to 12 Muslim countries. Duiker, W. J Spielvogel, J. J. (2009). World History, Volume 2. 6th ed. MA: Cengage Learning. This book provides an overview of world history which discovers experiences and challenges to recognize global patterns. This book covers each and every aspect like political, economical, religious, social, cultural, intellectual and military history. It takes a global approach by comparing cultures throughout world history. This book helped to know the Muslim World perception on the U. S and also how U. S intervened in the internal aspects of Middle East. Prados, A. B. (2001). Middle East: Attitudes toward the United States. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from: http://fpc. state. gov/documents/organization/7858. pdf This report discusses the attitude of Muslims and Arabs of Middle East against United Nations. It explained the factors which have created hatred towards the United States and the methods to deal with this position. Gentzkow, M. A. Shapiro, J. M. (2004). Media, Education and Anti-Americanism In the Muslim World. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18, 117–133. This paper is based on the media, education and anti-Americanism in the Muslim world by taking a survey of 10,000 people from nine Muslim countries. It examines how media use and education relate to the positivity towards United States and their belief.

Advantages of Learning English

Advantages of Learning English In present, English has become an international language and the most spoken language in the world, with Chinese and French coming in a close second and third, which is use by dominant people in the world and use to make a bridge between people from other country who want to communicate each others. Moreover, english is already accepted as a foreign language. There are over 750 million people who speak English as a foreign language. In the year 2000 the British Council said that there were about a billion people learning English. Kolik jazykÃ…Â ¯ znà ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡, tolikrà ¡t jsi Ä lovĆºkem. You live a new life for every new language you speak. If you know only one language, you live only once. (Czech proverb) That proverb tell that mastered in other language is very important, especially when someone mastered speak in the most spoken language which is English. Learning English is very important, because it will gives many advantages that will be very important in this life and here are 3 important advantages, which are for education, for information and the last is for facing the globalization. The first thing is about to get the best education. The fact is learning English can make education better. To get the best education it is very impossible if someone just study from his/her country. It will be better to study from the others country, such as to get a scholarship. In order to that, it a must to mastered English because to study abroad it will need a TOEFL test and many kinds of that. Education is not just about study, but also about work because work can educate people too. This day most of the computer language and international business is use English and to become the best, people have to become an international person,so he/ she can communicate with any people using English as the most spoken language. Also the knowledge of English language may give people chance to find better job, promotion to the better position, or to go for foreign business trips. So, to get better education hwich are study and work, we must mastered the most spoken language which is English first because it is a bridge between better education and the best education. The second one of the advantage of learning English is about information that it will gives to people around the world. This day technology is in advance, it proves by the existence of the internet which become the most functionable source that people used. Many information exist in the internet if people want to search it, becaus it is connected all over the world, so people can exchange the information between Afghanistan and Canada, but most of it using English. By using English, people will be able to discover all of the information from all over the world with internet. Because English is the language of the internet, people has to know and has to able to understand English if he/she want to get accurate and up-to-date information from the internet. By internet too, people can communicate with foreign people by sending an e-mail, but of course people must use English to make foreign people understand too. And over 80% of the information stored in the worlds computers is in English, more than half the worlds scientific journals are in English, its the main language on the internet, and so on. Because English is the most spoken language and an international language, for people who understand English could get the information of news or opportunities to get job faster thatn the others could. The last advantages of learning English is to face the globalization Era when now happened. The globalization is something that is well-known in this era because its already happened this day. One of the example of globalization is when Malaysia can pick someone from Indonesia to work in Malaysia company directly, it can happen now. So, it can said that globalization era is the same with International era. To face this international era the first thing that we can do is to master English because communication is the most important thing when we make a relation between people. Master English is because English is the most spoken language that used in every country. So, to keep in track in this globalization era, people can understand English well is a must. When people cannot understand English, they cannot communicate with foreign people and when they cannot communicate with foreign people, they cannot get a good relation and they cannot face the globalization era. So, English is the one that people must have understand in order to face the globalization era. In addition, English as the most spoken language has many advantages for people and the most important advantages are for information, education, and for facing that globalization era.

Lord Of The Flies: Chapter 9-12 Notes :: essays research papers

1. After Simon is killed, the next paragraph begins, "The clouds open and let the rain down like a waterfall†¦" When the boys kill Simon they not only kill him and spirituality, but what they perceive to be the beast. Because the beast was created by them and embodied all of their evils, one of its interpretations can be as mankind's sin. Simon is very similar to Jesus in this book. The Roman's ruled the world during Jesus' life, and now a similar bloodthirsty society rules the island during Simon's life. Both are killed by such a society, and both sacrifice themselves so that mankind's sin can be forgiven. When Simon dies, the rain washes away not only spirituality, but also the beast and all of the sins that accompany it. Golding writes that the water bounded from the mountaintop. Because the mountain top represented the peak of society, this could be interpreted to state that all of society carries sin, even the glorious moments of it, and that Simon's sacrifice was extended to the boys' entire stay on the island and the sin that was committed during that period of time. This is also similar to Jesus' sacrifice that was for all of mankind's sins, not just the sins of the Roman society that killed him. After Simon has been killed, the figures stagger away. By referring to the boys as figures, they are no longer individuals, but the nameless men who are the vehicle that society uses to carry out its evil deeds. It is no longer of relevance who did what because it was the entire society that killed Simon. This can be related to other societies, such as Nazi Germany. Today Hitler is credited with most of the responsibility for World War II. We do not like to blame German society for it because that would mean that we are also capable of this if we had to endure the circumstances of 1940's Germany. We cannot blame the German race for these problems, as they are a characteristic of humanity. We fought World War II against the forces of racism, but we ourselves treated the Japanese very poorly while all of this was going on. Although we too went through the depression, we did not have the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles against us. When any society has such horrible circumstances, they tend to look for a scapegoat, such as a race of people.

Essay --

Shelby Meeder English 15 Mr. Goertel December 2013 Ghosts Are ghosts real? That is the question that most of society deliberates day after day. The true definition of a ghost is a soul or spirit of a deceased individual that can appear in visible form or other manifestations to the living. Ghosts are of the most common paranormal belief in the world. Most people believe in ghosts because of a personal experience, whether that was seeing or sensing an unexplained presence. Who wouldn’t want to believe that our beloved family members are looking for us? Along with ghosts comes stories and eyewitnesses. When it comes to solid proof, the paranormal world does not have a good history. The only evidence to reported paranormal experience is eyewitnesses or pictures. Every domain of the paranormal relies deeply on the testimony of eyewitnesses. â€Å"The testimony of an eyewitness will often be the only evidence offered in a court of law† (Chambers). If an eyewitness is acceptable in a court of law, then why can’t it be acceptable for an apparition? On September 19, 1936, the â€Å"brown lady† was sighted yet again. Colonel Loftus was visiting Raynham Hall in England for the holidays when he saw the brown lady. He told others of his experience and more people then came forward to say they too had seen a strange figure. Soon after this experience, a photo was captured. The photo of the brown lady is â€Å"believed to be one of the best and most convincing of all known ghosts photos† (Dennis & Cohen). Another ghost sighting happened in 1919, of the Goddard’s squadron which had served in WWI. A photo was taken of the squadron, and an extra ghostly face appears in the back of the airman placed in the top row. This figure is said to be Fr... ... Lukach, Adam. "Ghost Hunting: With Zak Bagans." Chicago Tribune 30 Oct. 2012: 33. Print. Schlosser, S. E. "Axe Murder Hollow: From Ghost Stories at Americanfolklore.net." Axe Murder Hollow: From Ghost Stories at Americanfolklore.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. . "Top 10 Scariest Places in the US." Fox News. FOX News Network, 22 Oct. 2013. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. . Wagner, Stephen. "Freddy Jackson." About.com Paranormal Phenomena. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. . Wagner, Stephen. "The Back Seat Ghost." About.com Paranormal Phenomena. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. .

The English Peasant Uprising Essay -- British History

The English Peasant Uprising was motivated by a growing contempt with the government and clergy following the Black Death which was finally set off by a series of immediate social and economic causes. A shortage of workers followed the Black Death with an estimated forty-five per cent of the population dying in England . As entire towns were either deserted or left devoid of life, rural peasants increased their mobility into major cities. This shortage of rural workers led to famine as fields were left to go fallow, placing further economic pressure on the peasant classes who survived as the price of food increased. Due to the lack of labourers, the labourers who survived demanded greater wages as they now had increased leverage over employers. This ultimately led to economic inflation due to the increased labour cost to the upper classes. This was met with resistance from King Edward III and parliament, who issued the Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 in an attempt to fix workers’ rates to that of before the Black Death and prohibit an increase in wages beyond pre-established limits . This put great stress on the peasantry as they were forced to work throughout famine for greater hours for limited pay under inflated prices and seeded an antipathy for the government. The general attitude towards the Church as an institution was also responsible for the English Peasant Uprising. At this time, the Church was still a major landowner with almost 60% of English land held by the Church . However, 40% of priests and monks died to the Black Death and the shortage of ecumenical authorities lead to good wages offered for people to step into the clergy . This lead many people unsuited to the roles of religious... ...ts Revolt of 1381. Bath: Pitman. pp. 373. Joint action against `Bad' lordship: The peasants' revolt in Essex and Norfolk. Russell, Josiah Cox (1948). British Medieval Population. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Henderson, Ernest F. (__) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages The Great Revolt of 1381 Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 , (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), pp. 200-203, 205 England in the Aftermath of the Black Death GOOGLE BOOKS The English Rising of 1381 'The Peasants Revolt', in The Medieval Reader, edited by Norman Cantor (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 284-93. E.B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381, London: The Historical Association, 1981, 5-33 Peasant road to capitalism Peasant Politics and Class Consciousness: The Norfolk Rebellions of 1381 The English Peasant Uprising Essay -- British History The English Peasant Uprising was motivated by a growing contempt with the government and clergy following the Black Death which was finally set off by a series of immediate social and economic causes. A shortage of workers followed the Black Death with an estimated forty-five per cent of the population dying in England . As entire towns were either deserted or left devoid of life, rural peasants increased their mobility into major cities. This shortage of rural workers led to famine as fields were left to go fallow, placing further economic pressure on the peasant classes who survived as the price of food increased. Due to the lack of labourers, the labourers who survived demanded greater wages as they now had increased leverage over employers. This ultimately led to economic inflation due to the increased labour cost to the upper classes. This was met with resistance from King Edward III and parliament, who issued the Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 in an attempt to fix workers’ rates to that of before the Black Death and prohibit an increase in wages beyond pre-established limits . This put great stress on the peasantry as they were forced to work throughout famine for greater hours for limited pay under inflated prices and seeded an antipathy for the government. The general attitude towards the Church as an institution was also responsible for the English Peasant Uprising. At this time, the Church was still a major landowner with almost 60% of English land held by the Church . However, 40% of priests and monks died to the Black Death and the shortage of ecumenical authorities lead to good wages offered for people to step into the clergy . This lead many people unsuited to the roles of religious... ...ts Revolt of 1381. Bath: Pitman. pp. 373. Joint action against `Bad' lordship: The peasants' revolt in Essex and Norfolk. Russell, Josiah Cox (1948). British Medieval Population. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Henderson, Ernest F. (__) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages The Great Revolt of 1381 Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 , (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), pp. 200-203, 205 England in the Aftermath of the Black Death GOOGLE BOOKS The English Rising of 1381 'The Peasants Revolt', in The Medieval Reader, edited by Norman Cantor (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 284-93. E.B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381, London: The Historical Association, 1981, 5-33 Peasant road to capitalism Peasant Politics and Class Consciousness: The Norfolk Rebellions of 1381

Educational Preparation Essay

Difference in Competencies Between Associate and Baccalaureate Degree Nurses There is much controversy surrounding the issue of the difference in competencies between nurses educated at the Associate (ADN) and Baccalaureate (BSN) level. This paper will discuss those differences in relation to Professional values, and risk-taking propensity. This paper will discuss how, even though numerous studies have been done that show there is little difference between the competencies of ADNs and BSNs, there is, in fact, a distinct difference. No one can deny that the health care industry has come a long way. This does not exclude the nursing field. There is a huge push by the Magnet hospitals to maintain that 80% of their nursing staff carry baccalaureate degrees by the year 2020. This is due to changes in the healthcare delivery system, as well as cost-containment (Masters, 1989). While baccalaureate prepared nurses have better access to jobs as new graduates and are looked at as being better prepared for the clinical workforce, until they have been working in the clinical sector there is really no difference between the experience level of an associate or baccalaureate prepared nurse. There is also a gray area, because graduates of both levels of education take the same licensing exam, and also have the same legal responsibilities (Masters, 1989). In the article â€Å"Analysis of Differences in Entry-Level RN Practice by Educational Preparation†, June E. Smith states that there was a very close relationship in pattern of practice between recently graduated Associate and Baccalaureate nurses (2002). She also wrote that â€Å"Within the first 6 months of practice, ADN and BSN graduates performed activities with remarkably similar frequencies† (Smith, 2002, p. 494). It is shown in the article â€Å"Professional Values Held by Baccalaureate and Associate Degree Nursing Students†, that there have been â€Å"no significant differences found between the two groups† (Martin, 2003, P. 292). This particular study was done out of a random selection of graduating students from a number of baccalaureate and associate degree programs in the state of Texas. These nurses rated their professional values using the Nurses Professional Values Scale (NPVS), as taken from the 1985 American Nurses Association Code of Nursing (Martin, 2003). Findings of this study concluded that â€Å"senior nursing students in ADN programs did not differ significantly from their counterparts in BSN programs† (Martin, 2003, p. 293). According to Marcia L Masters, role differentiation between ADNs and BSNs is not â€Å"clearly defined in terms of decision making responsibility† (1989, p. 391). In this same article, Masters quotes W. Weiss (1985), â€Å"Taking risks means different things to different people.† One person may look at a situation as a challenge for success, where another will look at it as a threat of failure. Through the course of this study, it was found that nurses had a higher risk taking propensity than the normal population, but there were no significant differences in risk taking propensity noted between the ADNs and BSNs studied. This includes both education and experience. â€Å"Although in practice, BSNs may be given more opportunities for decision making, this study indicated the willingness to take the risk in making decisions is fairly evenly distributed between ADNs and BSNs† (Masters, 1989, p. 394). Contrary to what these studies have shown, there is a distinct difference in the competencies of ADNs and BSNs. According to the National League of Nursing (NLN, 2011), a baccalaureate degree expands on the knowledge and capabilities acquired in an associate program. Where associate programs focus on the patient and their family, baccalaureate programs tend to focus more on community nursing and leadership. There is a broader context of nursing that is learned in a baccalaureate program. In the article â€Å"The Differences Between Associate Degree Nurses and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurses†, The author states â€Å"a nurse with a BSN has more opportunities to work in a variety of health care settings that offer an extensive array of op portunities for professional growth. Baccalaureate-prepared nurses can be bedside nurses, educators, case managers, discharge planners, administrators, and work in public health, home health, and community clinics† (Moore, 2009). She continues to explain how associate prepared nurses are focused more on the technical aspects of care, where Baccalaureate prepared nurses are focused more on â€Å"evidenced-based clinical practice and leadership† (Moore, 2009). Moore also agrees that in skill competency, there is not much difference between ADNs and BSNs, but that â€Å"BSN nurses show greater critical thinking skills, better problem solving, and the development of clinical judgment; three skills of increasing importance for the increase in acuity of patients in hospitals and other health care settings† (2009). As a new graduate ADN, the author of this paper has insufficient experience to identify a specific patient care situation in which approaches to decision making may differ between associate and baccalaureate prepared nurses. It comes to light from research, however, that a baccalaureate prepared nurse is more competent in thinking on the fly. As stated earlier, baccalaureate prepared nurses have improved clinical judgement and problem solving skills, which are crucial in an emergency or trauma situation, where the patients have a higher acuity level. It seems that as far as newly graduated nurses are concerned, there is not much of a difference in bedside skill competencies between ADNs and BSNs. A baccalaureate degree, however, better prepares the newly graduated nurse for critical thinking, problem solving and better judgment in emergency situations. A baccalaureate degree gives the nurse more opportunities for advancement and movement within the nursing field, and also prepares the BSN for graduate study. This is important especially when it comes to the nation’s hospitals movement toward Magnet Status. References 1. Martin, P., Yarbrough, S., & Alfred, D. (2003). Professional Values Held by Baccalaureate and Associate Degree Nursing Students. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Third Quarter, 291-296. Retrieved January 19, 2013, from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=14562499&site=eds-live&scope=site 2. Masters, M., & Masters, R. (1989). Risk-Taking Propensity of Nurses: ADN and BSN. Journal of Nursing Education, 28(9), 391-396. Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=1990100566&site=eds-live&scope=site 3. Moore, D. S., PhD., RN., CNM., MN., & MPH. (n.d.). West Coast University: Dean’s Corner – The Differences Between Associate Degree Nurses and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurses. West Coast University – Nursing Programs – Los Angeles, Orange County, Inland Empire. Retrieved January 20, 2013, from http://www.westcoastuniversity.net/deanscorner/print.php?article=22 4. Ridley, R. (2008). The Relationship Between Nurse Education Level and Patient Safety: An Integrative Review. Journal of Nursing Education, 47(4), 149-156. Retrieved January 15, 2013, from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009885996&site=eds-live&scope=site 5. Smith, J. (2002). Analysis of Differences in Entry-Level RN Practice by Educational Preparation. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(11), 491-494. Retrieved January 18, 2013, from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2003013823&site=eds-live&scope=site

Philosophy of Teaching Essay

I consider my ultimate strength that I bring to the classroom is the desire and eagerness that I have for teaching children. A dynamic part of being a teacher is to motivate the students to know that the skills and information they are learning is worth learning and are valuable lessons to be used in the future. If I can convince the children that the material is enjoyable, powerful, and beneficial then they will want to make the effort to learn. I make it a significance priority to convey drive and enthusiasm to the classroom. It is difficult to learn if you are uninterested and almost not difficult to learn if the learning method is enjoyable and appealing. Additionally it is imperative for the students to appreciate why they are learning and what the importance of learning is. My objectives for teaching in the classroom are limited but crucial ones. I want my students to learn the materials taught in an extensive, everlasting way. I want them to apply the thoughts of these ideas t o all subject material taught. I will use the means that I have learned and continue to learn to get the maximum learning potential of my students as a whole. Secondly, I inspire to transform lives so that they determine life paths that have not ever been reflected on before. Reassurance is important and I aim to be their biggest fan. Thirdly, I want to reinvent the practice of teaching. Often teaching is regarded as an art, an uqualifiable expertise, to be practiced and understood by each new generation of teachers. By familiarizing new concepts and practices the doors are exposed to tangible advancement to permit us to learn new and more effective ways of using classroom time, so that the succeeding generation of teachers can be sincerely better and more effective in teaching then even we are today in the world of modernisms and increased use of technology. I don’t always know the greatest ways to teach but I am willing to try different approaches until I reach a place where I know what I am doing will effect upcoming generations of students and educators. Lastly, and most selfishly I want to have an exciting journey and make the classroom a fun and exciting place to learn. I delight in the opportunity of getting to know my students and their families and develop strong lasting relationships that can be seen years down the road. There are great joys of becoming a teacher and knowing that you impact lives each and every day. Our students learn when they are energetically figuring things out, trying to teach themselves, not inactively wandering through busy work and handouts, expecting to be taught. I design my lesson plans and classroom material not around what I do but what the students will do. I let them take command of their own education and to teach them as much as imaginable about the realm around us.

PHP Remote File Include (RFI) Essay

1. What is a PHP Remote File Include (RFI) attack, and why are these prevalent in today’s Internet world? a. A Remote File Include allows an attacker to include a remote file. This vulnerability is most often found on websites and is usually implemented through a script on the web server. 2. What country is the top host of SQL Injection and SQL Slammer infection? Why can’t the US Government do anything to prevent these injection attacks and infections? a. Peru. 3. What does it mean to have a policy of Nondisclosure in an organization? a. It means that certain information can’t be made public under the company’s policy. 4. What Trends were tracked when it came to Malicious Code in 2009 by the Symantec Report researched during this lab? a. Swifi, Interrupdate, Fostrem, Kuaiput, Mibling, Pilleuz, Ergrun, Bredolab, Changeup, Induc 5. What is Phishing? Describe what a typical Phishing attack attempts to accomplish. a. Stealing online account information by posing as a legitimate company. 6. What is the Zero Day Initiative? Do you think this is valuable, and would you participate if you were the managing partner in a large firm? a. A program to reward security researchers for disclosing vulnerabilities. Yes. 7. What is a Server Side Include (SSI)? What are the ramifications if an SSI exploit is successful? a. A Server Side Include is a process of adding content to an existing HTML page. 8. According to the TippingPoint Report resear ched in this lab how do SMB attacks measure up to HTTP attacks in the recent past? a. There was almost a 60% shift from a SMB type attack, towards an HTTP-based attack. In addition, nearly 100% of the observed attacks are automated, botnet, or worm-based attacks. 9. According to the TippingPoint Report, what are some of the PHP RFI payload effects DVLabs has detected this year? a. PHP Remote file-include attacks saw a steady overall downward trend, except for a massive spike in mid-year of 2010. 10. Explain the steps it takes to execute a Malicious PDF Attack as described in the Tipping Point Report? a. Step 1: The attacker begins by using powerful free attack software to create a malicious PDF file that contains exploitation code. If this file is opened on a victim computer with unpatched PDF reader software, this code will execute commands of the attacker’s choosing. b. Step 2: The attacker loads the malicious PDF file 2 a third-party website. The attacker then loads the malicious PDF file on a publicly accessible  website. c. STEP 3: The attacker now sends e-mail to high-profile individual in the target organization, including corporate officers. This message contains a hyperlink to the attacker’s malicious PDF file on the external Web server. The e-mail message is finely tuned to each target individual with a focused effort to get the recipient to click on the link – some other trusted site. The attacker does not include the malicious PDF file as an e-mail attachment, because such attacks are more likely to be blocked by e-mail filters, anti-virus software, and other defenses of the target organization. d. Step4: The victim inside the targeted organization reads the e-mail, pulling down the attacker’s message with the link to the malicious PDF. The user reads the e-mail and clicks on the link. e. Step5: When the user on the victim machine clicks on the link in the e-mail message, the victim’s computer automatically launches a browser to fetch the malicious PDF file. When th e file arrives at the victim computer, the browser automatically invokes the PDF reader program to process and display the malicious PDF file. f. Step6: When the PDF reader software processes the malicious PDF file for display, exploit code from the file executes on the victim machine. This code causes the system to launch an interactive command shell the attacker can use to control the victim machine. The exploit code also causes the machine to make an outbound connection back to the attacker through the enterprise firewall. Via this reverse shell connection, the attacker uses an outbound connection to gain inbound control of the victim machine. g. Step 7: With shell access of the victim machine, the attacker scours the system looking for sensitive files stored locally. After stealing some files from this first conquered system, the attacker looks for evidence of other nearby machines. In particular, the attacker focuses on identifying mounted file shares the user has connected to on a file server. h. Step 8: After identifying a file server, the attacker uses the command shell to access the server with the credentials of t he victim user who clicked on the link to the malicious PDF. The attacker then analyzes the file server, looking for more files from the target organization. i. Step9: Finally, with access to the file server, the attacker extracts a significant number of sensitive documents, possibly including the organization’s trade secrets and business plans, Personally Identifiable Information about customers and employees, or other important data the attacker could use or sell. 11. What  is a Zero Day attack and how does this relate to an organization’s vulnerability window? a. A Zero Day attack is an attack that exploits a security vulnerability the same day it becomes public knowledge. This may cause an organization to have a wide vulnerability window since it is still unfamiliar of how to mitigate the possible intrusion. 12. How can you mitigate the risk from users and employees from clicking on an imbedded URL link or e-mail attachment from unknown sources? a. Create an Internet Usage Policy stating against such actions. Another alternative or addition can be to block e-mail websites. 13. When auditing an organization for compliance, what role does IT security policies and an IT security policy framework play in the compliance audit? a. The security used to protect the company is changed and updated based on the policies that are in place. These policies must include any and all parts of compliance requirements based on the type of organization. 14. When performing a security assessment, why is it a good idea to examine compliance in separate compartments like the seven domains of a typical IT infrastructure? a. It’s easier to manage the findings by each domain to minimize the chance of over-looking a compliance error. 15. True or False. Auditing for compliance and performing security assessments to achieve compliance requires a checklist of compliance requirements. a. True.

The Go-Between: Is Ted a coward?

In Hartley's The Go-Between, lower-class Ted, a major character takes his life following a passionate affair with upper class Marian, at Brandham Hall in the year 1900. Ted's suicide could be judged as a cowardly act. However, Hartley has given the reader evidence to prove that Ted is a very strong and heroic character in this novel. Hartley explores the difficult path of the love between Marian and Ted against the strict social background of 1900 England. In the ‘garden of Eden' setting of Brandham Hall, Hartley tells the story through the eyes of an innocent 12-year-old boy, Leo, who discovers the importance of class distinctions in the hot summer of 1900. In the resulting loss of innocence, Leo discovers the true nature of the relationship between central characters Ted and Marian, and the lives of all the people at Brandham Hall are changed forever. The reader is first introduced to Ted at the swimming hole. This is important to the decision of Ted's cowardliness as we are given a very strong physical description of him. The following description persuades the reader that Ted epitomizes strength. He is not weak and therefore not a coward. â€Å"†¦ it was Ted Burgess clinging to the post, hauling himself out. His muscles bunched, his face tense with effort. He did not see me, and I retreated almost in tear before that powerful body.† (Pg 63) Hartley successfully uses symbolism to convey the idea that Ted is a strong man. At the beginning of the novel, young Leo is marveling over the zodiac signs which decorate his diary. He is unsure of which sign he would like to be: the water carrier or the archer. Throughout the novel, Leo makes connections with Ted and the water carrier. He describes the water carrier as â€Å"strong and sturdy†. â€Å"Striding across the farmyard came the farmer, a pail of water in each hand. I remembered him; it was Ted Burgess of the swimming pool.† (Pg 85) Ted is also described by Hartley as a grim reaper. The grim reaper is a man that personifies death as an old man or skeleton carrying a scythe. This again gives the reader a virile impression of Ted and not a gutless one. â€Å"It wasn't difficult to find him, for he was usually working in the harvest fields on the far side of the river; from the sluice platform I could see where he was. The first time I went he was riding the reaper, a new fangled machine which cut the corn but did not bind it.† Hartley used a gun as another symbol. This symbol was crucial to the deeper understanding of main character, Ted. Ted actually describes himself as â€Å"a pretty good shot†. Guns are a symbol of strength, a symbol of power. They are designed purely to injure or kill. There are a few references during the novel about Ted and his gun, as well as these weapons in general. â€Å"He was standing with his gun watching for the rabbits and other creatures, which clung to their shelter till the last moment before bolting out.† (Pg 109) â€Å"He was sitting on a chair behind the table with a gun between his knees so absorbed that he didn't hear me. The muzzle was just below his mouth, the barrel was pressed against his naked chest, and he was peering down it.† (Pg 186) These descriptions of Ted and his gun are very important to the reader because it gives us the understanding that Ted is comfortable around this weapons and he has access to one. The reader is less surprised when we learn that Ted has shot himself. Throughout the novel, Leo visits Ted at Black Farm to deliver messages from Marian. Ted is defined by his environment that's his house and his job. Ted is a working-class man who works as a tenant on the land. Ted is tanned from spending long days working outside. He is will never earn enough money to advance up the social class ladder because he is bound to give profits from his farm to the owner, Lord Trimingham. The description of Ted's house and some dialogue helps the reader to assume that Ted is physically and mentally resilient. This man is no coward. â€Å"We entered the house, which struck me as a mean abode, through a door that led straight into the kitchen. ‘This is where I mostly live,' he said defensively, ‘I'm not what you call a gentleman farmer. I'm a working one.'† (Pg 87) Ted is physically strong but also mentally tough too. From the beginning, the reader learns that Ted knows exactly where he fits in the social class structure of 1900 England. This is shown when Leo trespasses visits Ted's farm. † ‘What the devil-!' he began, and his red-brown eyes sparkled with angry lights. ‘What the hell do you think you're doing here? I've a good mind to give you the biggest thrashing you've ever had in your life.† As soon as Ted realises that Leo is staying at the tone completely changes and he apologises to Leo. † ‘You mustn't mind if I spoke to you a bit hasty. That's the way I am, and these old boys round here they drive me half demented. I did not despise him for changing his tune when he knew where I came from: it seemed to me right, natural and proper that he should.† The acceptance of Ted's position in society is very important to the development of his character. We understand that Ted is not resentful of where he stands but compliant. This is crucial to the understanding Ted's suicide. He realises that Marian will never marry him. He would rather die than watch Lord Trimingham live a life with Marian. This is not cowardice, but acceptance. Ted's suicide could be described as cowardly. However, Hartley has given the reader enough evidence to suggest otherwise. Ted is compared to strong characters such as the water carrier and the grim reaper. He is initially described as being very physically strong and attractive at the water hole. Ted has a knowledge and love of guns, they make him feel virile. Ted is very intelligent. He realises where he stands in society and is accepting of this. He understands that Marian will never marry him because society will not accept it. Ultimately, Ted killed himself out of love for Marian. He didn't want to live a life that would not include Marian. Ted is not a coward but simply head-over-heels in love.

Strategic Business Analysis of Nike Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic Business Analysis of Nike - Term Paper Example ences 17 Executive summary The world of the 21st century is progressing at a rapid pace, on the line of fast change and tremendous development. It is important to highlight that the fast change of the current centuryare being powered on the lines of highly connected telecommunications technology that has advanced in a tremendous way in the recent past. It needs to be mentioned that throughout the previous decade. There was a tremendous surge in the penetration of internet - based connectivity in various parts of the world. As a result of a fact acceptance of the single mode of connectivity which has developed on the lines of internet powered virtual platform in various corners of the world, it needs to be mentioned that the world has transformed into a single connected global entity. This has increasingly paved the way for easy synchronization of various trends related to globalization that are emerging from the different corners of the world. (International, 2011, p. 32) ... 158). With the growing entrance of new companies in the markets of the emerging as well as the developed economies, there is a rise in the number of substitute products as well as the number of alternatives that exist in the market. The rising number of substitute products and services is automatically providing more power to the consumers (Hirschey, 2009, p. 504). This is naturally leading a strong hand in regards to increasing the level of competition in various markets around the world. Talking in this regards, it needs to be highlighted that in order to create a factor of distinction as well as develop an arena of unique strengths in the face of extreme competition in the marketplace, it is very important for an organization to engage in the process of conducting a strategic analysis on a periodic as well as regular manner. Talking in regards to the project, it can be said that this particular research based assignment focuses on the process of providing an in-depth analysis of N ike Inc, which is considered one of the most popular multinational brands of the division related to athletic footwear and apparel in the recent times. Strategic Analysis of a company and its importance Strategic analysis of a company forms a very important part of the strategic management of a company. From the academic point of view, strategic management is the process of identifying, evaluating as well as implementation of strategies so as to meet organizational objectives. From the importance point of view, it can be said that the strategic management is highly critical as it provides a well planned process related to analyzing as well as usage of tools and frameworks for studying the internal and external environment

Chief Ethics Officer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chief Ethics Officer - Assignment Example Ethics try to determine what people must do and the goals that they need to pursue. The Chief Ethics Officer is the most important person in the C-level executive suite (Vallabhaneni, 2008). This report tries to highlight the roles and responsibilities of the Chief Ethics Officer. It also tries to identify the parameter’s that is necessary to avoid organs and leadership toxicity. It talks about the leadership skills required to ensure implementation and success. The company chosen for the study is Ford Motors Company. Job Description of Chief Ethics Officer Ford Motors is recognized as a renowned car manufacturing company of the world. The company is headquartered at Dearborn, Michigan. Being the new Chief Ethics Officer of Ford Motors, the following are the things that need to be done according to his responsibilities. Since internationally corporate unethical behavior pervades in an uncontrollable manner, they can however be cured if the companies appoint the Chief Ethics Of ficer in order to lessen the impacts of such unethical behaviors (Tran, 2010). It has been proposed that the system where the Ethics Officer reports to the management needs to be changed in order that these officers can perform their task effectively. The ethics officer must be hired and fired directly by the corporate board of directors instead of the company management. This kind of change in the reporting environment helps to enhance the effectiveness and independence of the ethics officer. There are numerous organizations that create and maintain the ethics position. The main responsibility of the ethics manager or officer is to improve the organizational ethical performances. They need to advise and assist the corporate management in the development and maintenance of the codes of conducts. They also have the additional responsibility of providing ethics training, monitoring along with accountability programs (Hoffman & Et. Al., 2007). The major role and responsibility of the C hief Ethics Officer is that they need to develop an ethics manual that will clearly describe the procedures and the policies on conflict of interest and codes of conduct. The policies need to be such that it restricts regarding the acceptance and giving of the gifts and travel by procurement, marketing, contracting and sales personnel. The chief responsibility of the ethics officer would be to prepare the rules that require written disclosures of the executives’ financial condition along with the outside earned income activities. He needs to ensure that there is adequate transparency in matter of disclosure of the financial statements and the position of the firm to the shareholders. The protection of the property of the organization and the key information are other important roles of the ethics officer in Ford Motors. In addition to these, the officer needs to perform certain other functions as well. He needs to promote a positive ethical climate in the organization via his leadership skills. He needs to work with the internal audit departments for the development of the audit plans and identify the areas of audit that will address the ethical violations. Parameters Necessary to Avoid Organ and Leadership Toxicity It has been noted that in the recent days,

Rab Ne bana di Jodi analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rab Ne bana di Jodi analysis - Essay Example Rab Ne bana di Jodi analysis Being somewhat reserved and anxious not to displease the beautiful young woman, he tried to be as good a husband to her as he can be. But he is not very successful in establishing a good relationship with her and a distance begins to creep in; the once vivacious young woman become morose and withdrawn after the death of her father. Finally, in desperation, Surinder, with the help of his somewhat radical hairdresser friend, assumes an alter ego – one that appears much younger due to his style of dressing. As Surinder, he grants permission to his young wife to join dance classes in order to enter a dance competition and during the first session, he presents himself to her as her partner for the dance competition. Throughout the rest of the film, he preserve his dual identity – of the straightforward, somewhat boring and staid husband in a kurta pyjama versus the dashing young man dressed in tight jeans and T-shirts, named Raj. The first scene where Raj finds himself paire d to his wife and discovers that she does not recognize him with his changed appearance and style of dressing is one of the most important scenes in the film. This leads on to several sequences where Raj slowly gains the young woman’s confidence and ultimately finds out how much affection and regard she holds for her husband. He is dressed in tight jeans and a T shirt, which he is uncomfortable wearing, but his anxiety to observe his wife and what she is doing overpower his discomfort.

A Change Management Issue Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Change Management Issue - Term Paper Example Such organizations spent years to develop and establish their business traditions – the traditions they believe have led them to their current position and the ones they are not always willing to alter. However, the conditions of doing business change continuously, and the postmodern business reality imposes new diversity demands on organizations and businessmen. For many of them, to become more diverse means to produce a profound shift in organizational mentality, consciousness, and culture. Yet, once implemented, diversity has the potential to move the organization further to its performance and organizational highs. As long as I can remember myself working for that organization, our staff had been mostly comprised of white males working for the financial department and dealing with the most controversial issues in the field of organizational finance. I must say that the organization had spent years in the market and had been able to achieve considerable success and organizational stability. Its name was well recognized by customers and competitors, whereas its financial staff was believed to be at the core of the organization’s continuous success. The company was extremely careful about all staff members’ following the organization’s cultural and business traditions, and its success and competitiveness in the market made it increasingly reluctant to change anything in its attitudes toward diversity and hiring. However, the business realities were changing, demanding similar changes in our finance department. Our organization had to hire new people, including two black women and one Asian man. All three displayed remarkable performance results but they seemed to experience serious difficulties in their striving to adjust to the new conditions of work.  

Marketing Communication College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Communication College - Case Study Example As a member of the skin care and hygiene product market, Dermacare experiences rigid competition from other industry leaders including Proctor and Gamble, Johnson and Johnson, and Revlon. What has been our P/Cost ratio Are we enjoying market growth Why or why not L'OREAL, the world's largest cosmetics company, is jointly owned by Gasparal (France) (51 per cent) and Nestle (Switzerland) (49 per cent). It markets Ambre Solaire through its Laboratories Garnier division. L'OREAL has interests in most sectors of the global cosmetics and toiletries markets. In addition to its Garnier Division, L'OREAL operates through three divisions in the UK: Salon, Perfume and Beauty (e.g. Cacharel, Armani, and Helena Rubinstein) and Active Cosmetics (e.g. Vichy). Ambre Solaire had previously been associated with oil formulations (as opposed to creams and gels) for deep tanning and self-tanning products. L'OREAL is very active in research and development and is perceived by customers as inventive and at the forefront of technology. Boots is one of Britain's major high street retailers and has interests in both the retailing and manufacturing of sun care products. In 2008, Boots was by far the largest retailer of sun care and other toiletry products. Its Soltan brand accounted for about 40 per cent value share in its 1,100 outlets. Soltan benefited from Boots' skin care and pharmacy heritage, and was especially strong in the after-sun sector, with roughly a one-quarter share by value. The strength of Boots was highlighted in March 2006 when it introduced a star-rating system that indicated how much protection a product provided against UVA rays in proportion to the amount of UVB protection offered. While its introduction created some uncertainty in the industry, virtually all manufacturers accepted the new system. Avon Cosmetics Ltd A subsidiary of Avon Products, Inc., Avon Cosmetics is the oldest beauty company in the USA and one of the world's four largest cosmetics companies. It entered the UK market in 1957. Avon sells its cosmetics, toiletries and fragrances to individual consumers. The bulk of its business comes from its sales representatives ('Avon Ladies') selling to women in their homes and workplaces. Avon employs some 100,000 representatives in the UK alone. In the 1980s it increased its market share in line with the growth of home shopping; however, its sales in the early first decade of the new millennium have been sluggish owing to its inability to match retailers' product-ranges and prices. Nevertheless, Avon accounts for around 11 per cent of all sun care sales. Nivea A well-established global brand developed by the German manufacturer Beiersdorf in the early nineteenth century. The company had developed a number of line extensions across its range of skincare products that competed directly with Dermacare in a number of sub-categories. While its traditional market strength was in continental Europe the company's products enjoyed a high degree of loyalty and recognition in the UK market. Ciba Consumer Products Ciba Consumer Products is a subsidiary of the Swiss chemicals giant Ciba-Geigy. Ciba's core consumer business was in over-the-counter (OTC) health care. In the UK toiletry sector, its main product was Piz Buin, the number five sun care brand. Warner-Lambert Warner -Lambert's Hawaiian Tropic

HRM- Journal entry Unit 7 & 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRM- Journal entry Unit 7 & 8 - Essay Example Group based compensation is also another system that is intended to motivate a group of individuals for attaining their group goals and objectives (Langley, 2011). The system is supposed to strengthen the bond between group members in an organization. Therefore, the fundamental objective of developing reward system in an organization is to motivate employees to work hard and as well retain the in the organization. However, the reward system can only be effective if it meets the needs of workers in an organization. Therefore, one will only know that the reward system ids useful if there is reduced complaints among employees in an organization and instead there is an increase in productivity as well as the profitability of the organization. An organization can manage the staff to perform better by linking their rewards to their individual as well as group performance. In this case, they will have to work hard to increase their rewards at any particular time. However, the employer needs to understand the strictly adhere to the contract of employment. Therefore, he has to provide proper working conditions among other welfare services to enhance their working relationship (Langley, 2011). Employees in an organization should also be involved in the decision-making the process to encourage them in everything that they do. Giving room to employees to participate in decision-making makes, they feel part of the organization. Hence, they will be loyal to the organization. Employee involvement in management will enable all the operations of the organization to be effective in that; they will feel to be directly responsible for the activities they conduct. Therefore, they will ensure that organizations operations are efficient and effective. However, there are various developments in the organization management from the EU in that the HRM identified the power of employee involvement in the decision-making process. That is; the management

TERRORIST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS Research Paper

TERRORIST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS - Research Paper Example Terrorist activities are least likely to take place in high altitude areas since in most cases; these are areas that are always heavily militarized. Nuclear weapons are known to be the most dangerous of all weapons manufactured and utilized for military purposes (O’Neil, 2003). Terrorists are known to be using various weapons ranging from chemical to biological in carrying out their activities. Though they have not been using nuclear weapons, there has been a major concern over the use of nuclear tactic by terrorists in carrying out their activities. This paper will examine the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons and measures that countries can initiate to deter this menace from happening. Currently, countries cannot afford to ignore the rise of a new type of terrorism operating cross different countries and boundaries. These terrorist activities have their main aim as inflicting mass casualties and destruction. This move was illustrated by bombing of America’s pentagon House that took place on 11th September, 2001. Many people died, others sustained serious injuries and properties worth billions of dollars were destroyed. This is a clear indication that terrorist attacks using extremely dangerous weapons will remain a realistic prospect now and even in the future (O’Neil, 2003). The prospect of terror groups acquiring nuclear weapons has haunted the world at large for quite a long time now. Nuclear weapons could be made to yield a magnitude and effect of many kilotons and those weapons can be made small enough to increase their portability. There are various ways through which terrorist organizations can acquire nuclear weapons. They are the most powerful of all weapons used by terrorists in terms of their destruction. How easy are nuclear weapons to acquire? This is one question that one should have in mind. Nuclear weapons are attractive to terrorists due to their effects of

Effects of Smoking Essay Example for Free

Effects of Smoking Essay The cause and effect essay on smoking, informative speech on tattoos talks about how cigarette smoking has devastating effects on the human body and at the same time it discusses about various myths and facts about tattoos. According to scientists, there are many reasons why people indulge in smoking some of which include: Peer pressure, lack of knowledge about the risks involved in smoking, being brought up in a household or environment where people smoke regularly, feelings of stress, fatigue and anxiety and many more. If you have smoked for a long period of time, you begin to develop stained teeth which are usually yellow in color. You can get your teeth whitened but as long as you continue smoking, the stain will resurface. Smoking also interferes with your taste buds and smelling senses. Smokers lose the ability to taste and smell things normally like they used to. You will smell of tobacco all the time but you will not notice it and your meals begin to become tasteless because your taste buds are not functioning properly. Other smoking effects include lung cancer, insomnia, asthma, heart disease, stroke and poor blood circulation. According to the cause and effect essay on smoking, informative speech on tattoos, it talks about the stereotypes for tattoos and how sailors tattooed their bodies according to the myths which stated that tattoos were believed to prevent any form of evil spirits and bring good luck to the individual wearing the tattoo. People have also been tattooed forcibly as a form of identification, for example the prisoners of the Nazi concentration camps Today you can choose to have a permanent or temporary tattoo without anyone noticing it. Obtaining a tattoo is no longer regarded as a form of sub-culture like the ancient days but rather it is considered as a form of art and expression of one’s personal feelings towards something or someone.

Relationship of a Father and Son Essay Example for Free

Relationship of a Father and Son Essay The moment where everything changed was the day Manning finally won his first arm wrestling match, his father gained some respect towards him and they both learned valuable lessons. One was manning learned that his father was a great parent in his own way and his father learned that being rough isnt the only way you can show affection to your son. On the other hand, in Shooting Dad†, Sarah Vowell describes the political differences her and he father have. In the house she states that one was a republican and the other was a democratic (171). Every time they would try to start a normal conversation they would end up arguing, and having discussions of who beat who. In the end she matures and realizes that they both are actually very alike. Communication is not as easy as it seems but if you take the time to listen and pay attention to details in life you’ll find that your parents’ views aren’t so far off of yours. The fathers competitive side was his way of showing his communicative relationship with his son. Manning used to be able to enjoy a relaxed game of arm wrestling with his father before but as time passed everything became more real and competitive. He states, I always had to lose Want to try it again? he would ask, grinning. and with squinting eyes he would laugh at me, a high laugh, through his perfect white teeth (163). The relationship between the father and son was a physical rough relationship. The attitude of the father impedes the communication to surpass the bond of strength that they have now. The father was seen as the protector of the family. He was the tough guy, who wouldnt show emotions. The son realized that his father has been the person he was for them. He guided them and helped them in the toughest situations in life. The age difference impeded the positive communication between them. This all started when he was a teen. The mental state of a son differs from the mental state of a father. The awareness, attitude, and strength all change as he matures over the years. As he grew he started working out more and became stronger while the dad was aging. The moment he realized he had matured and now viewed life different was when his dad challenged him to what was his last arm wrestling challenge between them. He felt sorry but the power that he was gaining was too exciting to let go of. When he was small the dad was the one with the power, he was the man of the house but now that he won he has now taken the responsibility to take that next challenge and soon be the adult, the head of household the one to take care of the family. He learned a lesson that changed the communication between him and his father. In my life as Ive grown Ive noticed a difference between the communication of my father and I. Before we would talk about dolls and makeup and now we communicate by being rough. We have competitions about the smallest things like whats that color to who will win the wrestling match or soccer game. At first to me all that was boring and bland, but as he started to get older he distanced himself from me. What stopped us from being able to communicate was the fact that we both had different views in life. I was focused on school and focused on achieving my goal to graduate and his focus was on his work and sports. We would spend limited time together that we had so much to talk about yet we would stay quiet for hours. He slowly became more involved in my school and studies and I would get pointers from him on how to play the sport correctly. Now during weekends we go to baseball games, basketball games, or to the library. Our bond has grown to be a strong relationship. The love between families is always there, it’s just that people choose to show their affection in many different ways. Manning and Vowell explain how they struggled to communicate with their father’s but overall they ended up figuring out that they are similar in many way to their father’s. The form that Manning was able to communicate or interact with his father was through a physical tough relation and the Vowell was through nature as she took photos and as he killed it. Learning to communicate can be the key to life; its just the matter of finding happiness between the people.

Justify the methods and processes

Justify the methods and processes This chapter covers the research methodology and purpose of this chapter is to justify the methods and process which are examined while the research is carried out. It consists of process model, research approach, research design, research method, data collection etc. Data Collection Research Approach Research Design Literature Review Research Questions Formulation Research Undertaking Primary Secondary Inductive Deductive Explanatory Exploratory Descriptive Semi-Structured Open ended Interview Semi Structured Questionnaires Data Analysis Results/Conclusion Source: Authors Qualitative Approach The given figure outlines the research methodology which is being carried out during the research process. It shows how authors will continue their research process. The research undertaking is related to incorporation of CSR in two leading MNC, s in telecommunication sector. It will focus on three main areas of research named as describing CSR, integrating CSR and monitoring CSR. Several research questions will be prepared on the basis of knowledge and experience and the basic aim of these questions is to analyze the CSR activities in telecommunication sector. The literature review will be made by comparing different articles in the relevant field which will give a new insight. The research is presenting a framework for developing, collecting and analyzing the data. Different research strategies such as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory are used for research objectives and authors will go with descriptive research strategy which is connecting to inductive research approach fr om observations to theory. The data will collect on primary and secondary basis by semi structured open ended interview and questionnaires. The research design shows that the data will be analyzed and concluded through qualitative research approach. First, regarding the objectivity of the thesis the authors believe that the results may first be subjected to the personal judgment and may not be valid over a long period of time because industry is constantly changed over the time. These results may also not be applicable to other markets or other geographic regions except the Pakistani markets. As the authors have no specific knowledge about Pakistani market so they decided to carry the exploratory research. The research described in this thesis has been designed and carried out in context of master level education and rules, regulation, instruction and academic requirements set by the supervisor and the Karlstad University. The main objective of the research is to investigate the dimensions of the problems which are being analyzed in the previous chapter and to draw the valuable results from the research and to help the authors to build up a good understanding and to have a deep insight into the previous study. 2.1. Inductive and Deductive Research Approach: Inductive research approach works more specific to more general (Trochim, 2006). Sometimes it called bottom up approach. In this type of theory, researchers begin with observation, detect some patterns, formulate some hypothesis and finally end with developing a theory. While on the other hand, Deductive approach works in other way, it moves from broader generalization to more specifications. Informally it is called top-down approach. In this approach the researcher start with thinking up a theory about the topic and area of interest or area of research. Then researchers narrow down it and develop a hypothesis about particular topic which they want to test. After that they do the examination on the hypothesis. Finally and ultimately this leads to the confirmation of data, either it confirms the original theory or not Theory Hypothesis Pattern Observation INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE Observation Pattern Hypothesis Theory Source: Authors 2.2. Research approach used: In this study authors will use inductive approach as we start with the observation related to problem which is being analyzed in problem discussion session. Authors will use CSR dimensions which are describing, integrating and monitoring. In general, this study is not developing a model or any type of theory somewhat the theories are narrow down to tackle a specific problem. 2.2.1. Unit of Analysis: It is one of the most important ideas in the research project. Unit of analysis is a main entity that the researchers want to analyze in their study. It will be individual unit of analysis which will base on two leading organizations from telecommunication sectors of Pakistan and we will compare the results and variations between units. 2.3. Research Methods: In order to solve a problem, different researcher use systematic and orderly collected data for the purpose of getting information from them (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2005). Yin (1994) and Zikmund (2000) proposed three different purposes of research labeled as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Exploratory studies are fantastic mean to find out what is happening, to ask for new imminent and to ask questions. Robson (1993) mentioned that in order to clarification and understanding the problem, exploratory studies are valuable mean. Descriptive studies describe inside the problem areas regarding to the literature and the purpose is to study the current events. It purpose is to find out the answers of what, who, how, when, where questions (Zikmund 2000). This theory usually correlates the previous knowledge and understanding the nature of research problems. Explanatory studies make the relationship between the variables. The purpose of this study is to emphasis on the events and problems in order to explain the relationship between the interrelated variables. 2.3.1 Quantitative Research: According to Cresswell (1998), the quantitative research can be defined as an inquiry into social and human problems based on testing a theory composed on the variable, measures with numbers and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the predictive generalization of the theory hold true. Above definition mentioned that this theory concern with the statistical data and the transformation of data into figures and graphs. The transformation of the data can be achieved by using SPSS software to get the result of correlation between two factors/variables. This type of research makes large number of units into small amount of information. 2.3.2 Qualitative Research: According to Cresswell (1998), the qualitative research can be defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of the informants and conducting in natural setting Statistical tools are not used in such kind of research. It is difficult to draw conclusions from qualitative research because of it is more demonstrating than generalizing. It is in contrast as a large amount of information is collected from small number of units. This type of research mostly addresses the question Why and describes the phenomena. This type of research cannot and should not be transformed in the forms of numeric. The advantage of this research is flexibility. 2.3.3. Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research: Difference Qualitative Quantitative Underpinning Philosophy Empiricism: The only knowledge that human beings acquire is from sensory experiences (Bernard 1994: 2) Rationalism: That human beings achieve knowledge because of their capacity to reason (Bernard 1994:2) Approach to Inquiry Unstructured Structured Investigation Objective To define variation in an event, situation, issue, etc. To describe an extent of variation in an event situation, issue, etc. Variables Measurement Stressing on the description of variables Stressing on some structures of either measurement or classification of variables. Sample Size Limited Cases Emphasis on greater sample size. Focus of Inquiry Checks multiple problems but accumulate necessary information from fewer respondents. Narrows focus in expression of extent of inquiry, but accumulate necessary information from a greater number of respondents. Main Research Value Validity but does not state to be value-free. Value free in terms of Reliability and objectivity. Main Research Topic Investigate experiences, feelings, perceptions, expressions and meanings. Describes pervasiveness, occurrence, and extent nature of subjects, views and attitude; finds out regularities and prepares theories. Data Analysis Subjects answers, descriptions or study data to identification of themes and illustrates them. Subjects variables to frequency distributions, cross-tabulations or other statistical methods. Communication Organization more descriptive and narrative in nature. Organization more systematic in nature, drawing deductions and conclusions, and testing degree and potency of a relationship. Source: Ranjit K. (2005). 2.4. Researched Method used: The research study will base on two companies from telecommunication sectors that operate in Pakistan. Authors have employed qualitative research in order to analyze the incorporation of CSR because qualitative research aims is to deal with questions which are related to the developing and understanding of the meaning and experience dimensions of humans lives and social worlds. Qualitative research has its roots in social science and is concerned with the understanding and describing the world of human experiences such as their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and beliefs, opinions, emotions etc (Mack, MacQueen, and Guest Namey). 2.5. Data Collection: The most important and essential part of the study is data collection. Williman (2001) explained that primary data and the secondary data are the main source of data collection. So it is very important for us even in the context of study to achieve its purpose, both and primary and secondary data have been used. 2.5.1. Primary Data: Primary data is information which is gathered first time in order to solve and justify the problem and to complete the study. In order to do primary research, the following prominent techniques have been used: Interviews Questionnaire Introspection The main objective of the primary data is that data collected is exclusively applicable to the particular study. While its main disadvantage is time consumption and less degree of control. 2.5.1a. Qualitative Interviews: Authors have been extensively used this approach in study. In qualitative interviews, discussion often made face to face. This type of interviews is unstructured which shows that interviewers follow the direction of interview takes. The interviewees are free to answer whatever he/she want to do. A positive result can be achieved by the proper training of the interviewers or on the experience and skills. Authors have done this job through email and telephonic interviews. 2.5.1a (i) Questionnaire: It is very effective when the researcher knows the requirement and procedures in order to measures the area of research. This process can be done either conducting by itself or doing it by electronically/post. 2.5.2. Secondary Data: Secondary data is a source of collecting data from literature review, articles, internet, papers and journals. Authors have used books, internet, research contribution, journals and have specific companies information.( Ghauri and Gronhaug 2005) explains the benefits of secondary data. It helps in following ways It helps to answer the research questions. It helps in problem formulation. It helps in selecting the suitable research method. Secondary data can be classified into internal and external data. The data which is provides by company is called internal data while the data which is gathered from literatures, articles, internet etc is known as external data. It is source outside the organization. 2.6. Data collection Method used: In this study, authors have employed qualitative research method. Authors have employed qualitative research in order to analyze the incorporation of CSR in leading telecommunication companies. Qualitative data is mainly including all the aspects of the research problem. External secondary data consisting of the books reviews of the library of university west and also related different articles on the cultural dimension. The other secondary data World Wide Web and Google was also used frequently. The secondary data was very helpful in order to formulate the questions. The internal secondary data is mainly consists of the websites of the organizations. The primary data consists of the interviews, telephonic information and electronic mail. 2.7. Research Criteria: In qualitative research, only a sample this is a subset of a population is chosen for any specified study and it impossible to get the data from everyone in a community in order to accumulate valid findings. The studys research purposes and the characters of the study population such as age, size and diversity decide which and how many people are being selected. In a nonprobability sampling, the researchers have more possibility of selecting some units to study than other units. The use of reliability and validity are common in quantitative research and but it can also be used in the qualitative research paradigm for assessing the findings. In quality analysis, it is certainly interpreting the results as for analyzing the data because it requires constructing codes and categories from the raw data. This means that the understanding aspect of this stage of the research process vary from this stage of quantitative research project where it can be treated for separate analysis and interpretation. 2.7.1. Credibility: In a qualitative study, it is not likely that the results would be the same in any case but the key points and findings should be moderately presented for the recognition of data. The questions force reflection on own interaction and influence with the system which is being searched. The researchers try to make best efforts for convincing the readers that the interpretation or explanation of the results is credible. The Thick Description (Geertz 1973) which arises from the practice of ethnographic research in anthropology and integrates how it is felt for doing research as well as what researchers observed. The objective of thick description is to make able the readers feel that he or she is actually present in the research setting, and possibly even as if he or she is making the research. (Maylor Blackmon) We have made interviewed through emails and telephonic conversation in our own language and later on translated into English. The answers show the results which moderately interpret the data. We believe that it will give positive impact on readers. 2.7.2. Transferability: The transferability of a working hypothesis to different situations depends upon other conditions between original situation and the situation to which it is transferred. The researchers are not able to specify the transferability of findings but they can provide only sufficient information that can be used by the readers to decide whether the findings are applicable to the new situation or not. In a qualitative research, it is considered in the generalization of findings that the results which have been investigated by the researchers have no relevance anywhere else. It is the readers choice what they perceive whether it is useful or not or some are not interested in replying of the results. We have found the results from the original situations. It will be decided by the readers what they think about the results or they are interested or not in replying whether they are applicable or not in the new situation. We believe that the results will provide a true picture of the prevailed situation. Dependability: Dependability shows the reliability, correctness, integrity and describes the availability performance of the findings. In a qualitative work, according to Lincoln and Guba (1985), since there can be no validity without reliability (and thus no credibility without dependability), a demonstration of the former is sufficient to establish the latter. It means dependability in the research process has a significant importance and it can vary over the time. The results show the reliability and correctness of our findings. Our findings are based on interviews and introspections. We have made best efforts make our results reliable and valid according to our research. 2.7.4. Conformability: According to Lincoln and Guba (1985), it is a degree to which the researchers can make an obvious neutrality of the research interpretations through a conformability audit. It is considered that each researcher will bring an exclusive perception to the study. The researchers can document the procedures for inspection and rechecking the data whether it is free from bias or not throughout the study. It mainly concerns that the research should not be influenced by personal and other people influences. Our research interprets the unbiased results. We have asked open questions and defined the answers accurately with good sense. Our research has not influenced any person or any organizations image. It gives a good impression about the research topic to the readers which will not be impacted by it.