media :: essays research papers

Malik Pokks                                Speech 245, 711     May 8, 2005                                         Professor GreenerPAPER 2Media Effects on governing the band media has played a major role in American politics since the formation of our country. So much so that it has been called by many, "the fourth branch of government." Originally, media index finger was only vested in the papers, but today radio and television are the more prominent forms of news. Since the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, presidents have used the media to spread their views to their constituents. FDR brought us the home chats in one of which he requested the American people to p ut their money back into the banks and get our economy moving again. The media informed the nation of Richard Nixons less(prenominal) then honorable means of governing and the media brought the Vietnam War to our living rooms every evening. There are even those who believe that the media chooses our presidents by deciding whether to airmanship the good or bad things they dig up on the presidential candidates. There are two major ways the mass media affects the public. These are order of business setting and priming. Agenda setting is the way the media dictates the salience of contemporary issues. An experiment performed by Iyengar et al in 1980 showed that media does effect how important an issue is to the public. In this experiment, Iyengar showed ternion different groups news clippings weighted on the side of specific issues, then showed a fourth control group undoctored news. He tested these subjects before and aft(prenominal) the showings and found that in all but one issue, the subjects had moved in the hypothesized direction. This last issue was inflation and he concluded that people just could not think this issue was more important then they already did. Agenda setting effect is important to the government, especially the president, because it leads to priming. Priming is the use of salient issues by the public to evaluate a public figure. This technique became very useful in the Ford admistration, when secretary of defense Donald Rumfield, prior to this admistration, critized the American media for the outcome the Vietnam War. He felt that the media new too much about the government operation, some TV station were even reporting bombing targets before the army executed. When is comes to ballot on a president, priming is second only to partisanship in importance.

Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop :: Willa Cather Death Comes for the Archbishop

Willa Cathers remainder Comes for the Archbishop - A Powerful Non-NovelResponding to the criticism that death Comes for the Archbishop is non a novel, Willa Cather proposed that the pee was a narrative. Her choice of the word narrative signifies that the structure of Death Comes for the Archbishop is closer to that of a biography.A narrative is a type of composition used to recount events over a period of time and can co-ordinated description as well speckle, but it does not necessarily have to. Death Comes for the Archbishop follows the guidelines of a narrative in that it recounts the events of Father Latours life, beginning when he is appoint to New Mexico and ending with his death. Cather incorporates description into her narration, but does not offer dramatic plot structure.A novel utilizes the elements of narration, specifically including description and plot. Novels also incorporate a climax to the story along with denouement. Plot is unfolded by the actions, speech and thoughts of a character. It is these actions that lead to the climax and the resolution of the story.Based upon the guidelines used to classify a novel, Death Comes for the Archbishop does not meet the requirements and is therefore not a novel. Her work tells a story, but does not offer plot, climax or resolution. The events that are recounted in Cathers work do not build upon each other in order to offer a climax. Each event is no more significant than the ace before it for example, Cather places just as much emphasis on Latours relationship with Olivares as he does with helping Sade pray (p 175, 213).While the events themselves do not add up to create the dramatic plot structure necessary to call Death Comes for the Archbishop a novel, each individual event experienced by Latour, is in itself a story that includes both climax and resolution. An example of this is Father Latours death. It begins with him getting sick and living his last days, building up to his final moments and culminating in his death. The resolution to this individual event is the bell tolling and Latour being placed in the church he built. Each event in Latours life does have plot and resolution, creating difficulty in not calling it a novel. However, if the work is examined as a whole piece, from beginning to end, it is evident that while it fits the boundaries of narration, it does not meet the qualifications of a novel.

Essay --

During the Vietnam war the press and the media had complete atonement. For the first time the media had no censorship. The historical films that were made to be based off the Vietnam war were not entire and were very distorted for entertainment value. I also think that the press media was very distorted as well. Many movies like The Green Berets and Medium unruffled substituted violence for historical content. But not only were they filled with pointless violence they also had a lot of racist clichs in them. Although the films were not giving the war a good name, It is possible that it was the media press that started the non support of the war.At first the media was very supportive of the war, but when the news did coverage of the Tet unworthy it also sparked the anti war movement. Many major groups felt that the war was foreclosing the hope of making America a decent and truly democratic society. Martin Lutther mightiness was also opposed to the war. He did not like that Amer ica would put funds into a war that we should not be in, in the first place, and that was also on foreign soil ...

Immigration to the United States :: Immigrants Culture Cultural Essays Papers

Immigration to the United StatesImmigration has always been in existence in the United States since the beginning of American History. At the turn of the 20th ampere-second immigration has been an issue for the bulk in this country. The ironic thing is that the majority of the population has evolved from some type of immigrant. In every journal that I was apt(p) to read or video to watch it always comes down to the same thing, people have a job with other people because they are immigrants. I believe people carry a fear when it deals with people that they cannot understand. After reading the article Why Migration it made me realize that people don?t always migrate to another country for lack of jobs or food. Migrating to another country could be the cause of persecution or no jobs that are available for what the federation of people know how to do. The jobs they have always performed their whole life may have just been eliminated or moved to different areas of the wor ld. According to the article it states that countries including Mexico and southern Korea had increasing rates of Gross National Product during the 70?s and yet their rate of emigration was the highest. This could be the cause of the jobs they were accustomed to where now residing in the United States or the jobs they once held were lost to industrial machines. In the 80?s America saw an increase of Salvadorians enter the country. This was not a problem until the war escalated in 1981. Most of the people could not work with the war going on and the chances of death during the war were not ignored as people fled the country. People leave for different reasons some for financial situations, persecution, jobs, and overpopulation. Laos experienced persecution after the Vietnam War. The people were tortured and murdered for their participation in resistance towards the northern Vietnamese. Americans remonstrate about the existing problem of immigration b ut they need to look at their own participation in the problem. The wealth of the nation that demands service much(prenominal) as house cleaning, cooks, servers, dish washers, etc.

Investigating Resistances of Wires :: Papers

Investigating Resistances of Wires Aim To investigate different shelters of wires to see which has the most resistance and which shows the least resistance. I will be looking at resistances affected by the space of wire. Variables I could form I had the choice of several variables to change such as length, cross sectional area, material and temperature the experiment is conducted at. Prediction I believe that by increasing the wires length it would increase the resistance. Therefor by decreasing the length it would also decrease the resistance. I also believe that the rate of the increasing resistance will be directly proportional to the length so if the length were doubled the resistance would also double. I think the graph will look like this Reason The property that transforms electrical talent into heat energy, in opposing electrical current, is resistance. A property of the atoms of all conductors is that they have free electrons in the outer shell of their structure. As a response of the structure of all conductive atoms, the outer electrons are able to move about freely even in a solid. When there is a emf difference across a conductive material all of the free electrons arrange themselves in lines moving in the same direction. This forms an electrical current. Resistance is encountered when the charged particles that make up the current collide with other fixed particles in the material. As the resistance of a material increases so to must the force ask to drive the same amount of current. (Information found on a GCSE Physics website) Ohms law In1826 Georg Ohm discovered that the current flowing through the wire is proportional to the probable difference across it (providing the temperature stays the same.) Proportional means if you double the potential difference the current is doubled (this information was found in GCSE Physics for you text book) true through the wire IMAGE Amps Volts

Multicultural Counseling Critique Essay -- Counseling

Multicultural Counseling Critique Counseling Utilization by Ethnic Minority College StudentsAlthough the serve of counseling has evolved considerably since its inception, the concept of multicultural competence remains novel. Engrossed in the lives of every clinician are underlined biases and prejudices that act as filters in which every interaction with a clients is affected. Current research on the topic of multicultural counseling has shown that although multicultural awareness is on the rise there is still a extraordinary gap in research regarding the use of counseling service and outcomes for racial and heathenish minorities (Kerney,Draper, & Baron, 2005). Insights such as these have encouraged researchers to investigate multicultural counseling, on many different levels of delivery. One such level is that of the university counseling center setting. Kerney, Draper, & Baron (2005) suggest that in order to address the need for research on the effectiveness of therapy for mino rities, one must examine the current effectiveness of therapy on university campuses and the coinciding utilization of counseling services by racial and ethnic minorities. In order to do this the researchers examined the differences among African American, Asian American, Latino, and Caucasian students in therapy attendance after intake, and the severity of distress at twain intake and last academic session (Kerney,Draper, & Baron, 2005). The current paper will critique the research conducted by Kerney, Draper, & Baron, in order to gain further awareness into multicultural competent methods of working with ethnic and racial minorities.The current research addressed the issue of ethnic and racial minorities utilization of counseling services in a university setting... ...nd racial minorities, an increased centre of attention should be focused on normalizing counseling for ethnic and racial minority students. In doing so the stigma of counseling may be decrease and increased usag e of services might occur. Upon review of the current literature concerning multicultural counseling, it has become evident that a competent counselor is an individual both aware of his culture, and dually aware of his clients cultural point of view. In order to be a counselor who is competent in his craft, an understanding of different cultures must first be accomplished, and integrated as part of a counseling modality that is both flexible and able to accommodate client concerns in whatever manner they manifest. This incorporation is crucial in becoming a more culturally aware and sensitive counselor, and is a component worth integrating into practice.

Multicultural Counseling Critique Essay -- Counseling

Multicultural Counseling Critique Counseling Utilization by Ethnic Minority College StudentsAlthough the utilise of counseling has evolved considerably since its inception, the concept of multicultural competence remains novel. Engrossed in the lives of every clinician are underlined biases and prejudices that act as filters in which every interaction with a clients is affected. Current research on the topic of multicultural counseling has shown that although multicultural awareness is on the rise there is still a rummy gap in research regarding the use of counseling service and outcomes for racial and pagan minorities (Kerney,Draper, & Baron, 2005). Insights such as these have encouraged researchers to investigate multicultural counseling, on many different levels of delivery. One such level is that of the university counseling center setting. Kerney, Draper, & Baron (2005) suggest that in order to address the need for research on the effectiveness of therapy for minorities, one must examine the current effectiveness of therapy on university campuses and the coinciding utilization of counseling services by racial and ethnic minorities. In order to do this the researchers examined the differences among African American, Asian American, Latino, and Caucasian students in therapy attendance after intake, and the severity of distress at two intake and last sitting (Kerney,Draper, & Baron, 2005). The current paper will critique the research conducted by Kerney, Draper, & Baron, in order to gain further awareness into multicultural competent methods of working with ethnic and racial minorities.The current research addressed the issue of ethnic and racial minorities utilization of counseling services in a university setting... ...nd racial minorities, an increased join of attention should be focused on normalizing counseling for ethnic and racial minority students. In doing so the stigma of counseling may be decreased and increased usage of services might occu r. Upon review of the current literature concerning multicultural counseling, it has become evident that a competent counselor is an individual both aware of his culture, and dually aware of his clients cultural point of view. In order to be a counselor who is competent in his craft, an understanding of separate cultures must first be accomplished, and integrated as part of a counseling modality that is both flexible and able to accommodate client concerns in whatever manner they manifest. This incorporation is crucial in becoming a more culturally aware and sensitive counselor, and is a component worth consolidation into practice.

Freak the Mighty Essay

Freak the Mighty is a report about the power of a true friendship. Freak and sludge are two boys who were so different, and yet had much in common with one another. Freak as well as Max both had limitations and this helped them to become friends. They both run into problems, but together they are Freak the Mighty, slaying dragons, rescuing fair maidens, and walking high above the world. thither are differences among Freak and Max. Max is big and tall, a slow thinker, and runs away from his problems.Freak is small, smart, and tries very hard to be brave. There are similarities between the two boys, both have a disability, both do not known their dads, and both are in fear of something. In the story it shows how Max is afraid of joining life here on Earth and Freak is afraid of leaving life here on Earth. Max handles this fear by staying quiet and giving in to pot when they bother him and Freak deals with his fear by convincing himself that he will be saved by receiving bionic bod y parts.Main Events Freak the Mighty finds Lorettas purse and gives it to her. Max murdering dad kidnaps him and Freak saves him by spraying a liquid at him from his urine gun. Freak gets very ill and goes into the hospital. Conclusion In the story Max was so busy rescuing adventures, treasure hunting, and slaying dragons that he did not even have that he already had begun living life. Freak realizes that he will die, but knows that he will stay alive through Maxs story of his and Maxs adventures.When Freak dies, Max feels as if he lost a part of himself because they were friends. Loretta gives Max hope after Freak dies by apprisal him nothing is a drag. Think about it 1 Fact and 1 Opinion One fact is that this book is for anybody to read because it shares the story about people with disabilities and what they have to go through in their lives. My opinion is that everyone in school should be made to read this book because it might help them know what people that are different f rom them is going through.

America’s Present Judicial Structure

Americas judicial system is one of the most well known all over the world. In legion(predicate) countries, people of the state ar not given as much opportunity to seek legal redress, or defend ones self. In the United States, accusers and defendants alike are given the same rights in court regardless of their social standing. I can say that Americans are living with such(prenominal) a great privilege to be able to live with a judicial system and constitution that uphold the inherent rights of e genuinely citizen.However, I desire that anything that is created good has the tendency or potential to digress from its original purpose, and as time goes by, may deteriorate or become corrupted. The Founding Fathers have effect a constitution that would be the basis for judicial proceedings in the land. They are honest, trustworthy and honorable men. They envisioned a state that upholds the truth and executes justice. just now as the generations continue to pass by, at that place is no guarantee that every judge in the federal and State courts will have the same ace as the ones who framed the laws in the past.Thus, the first weakness that I can see in Americas judicial structure is that, if corruption penetrates it, the very laws that uphold the dignity of every human being will be left to the interpretation and disposal of the men who are corrupt. Various literature and fun media has portrayed this exact problem of the judicial system. For example, the 1996 movie entitled City Hall, (starring Al Pacino and John Cusack) portrays the high possibility of corruption in the judiciary.In the movie, a judge in the highest court of New York participates in the manipulation of the law, and instead of convicting a guilty man, let him go and hid the documents considered as evidence. As the story unfolds, it became chiseled that the city mayor was the one who influenced the judge to do the act because it is in the best interest of some wealthy businessmen who helped the mayor with his governmental career. Although this is a fictional story, I can say that there is always fire under the smoke. In real American life, politics has a major concern on the judiciary.If the above statement is true(a), then there really is a possibility that the executive branch can influence the decisions of the judiciary by applying policy-making pressure. So much has been said about the separation and independence of the branches of government from each other, but in some cases (especially high profile cases and those that stir political interests), the judiciary is highly vulnerable to the influence of the political world. I believe the current judicial structure has not exceeded its constitutional powers, but it is more properly than what the framers of the constitution originally intended.For example, the Federal court is known as the guardian of the constitution. It is within its power to interpret the law written in the past, and apply it to readiness out day circumstances. Thus, the people who interpret the law are more powerful than the law itself. Although members of the judiciary system are working within the limits and bounds set by the constitution, the constitution itself gives them the power to interpret and execute the law. This means that with the enormous power in their hands, it is easy to neglect true justice by victimization legal technicalities.Interpretation of the law is a rather difficult task because the constitution is vague and ambiguous in many ways. Some law scholars believe that the opus purposely remains vague in order to be timeless and applicable to all circumstances. Some believe that the constitution should be followed literally and phrase for word, and if there are vague areas in it, should be changed or amended to be more precise. This ambiguity in the constitution makes way for the neglect of true justice because each trial lawyer interprets the law in a manner that suits his clients advantage.Becaus e of the vagueness of the constitution, the courtroom often becomes more of a subject area of who is the better lawyer, than a battleground between right and wrong. For example, a person accused of trampling animal rights by offering sheep and goats as sacrifices, may as well be acquitted on the grounds of the freedom of religion. The final verdict, however, will depend on who is the better lawyer, more skilled at applying legal technicalities, and more skilled at interpreting the law in a way that suits the taste of the dialog box.This basic problem of the American justice system was portrayed in another film entitled, The Devils Advocate, where a young lawyer has never lost a single case in his correct life, even though his clients are obviously guilty. There is no other way to solve this judicial problem than to amend the constitution itself. In my opinion, there is no need to change the laws that are written by the constitution framers of old. However, modern applications to the said laws should constantly be added to suit the changing needs of clubhouse and modern life.Lessening the ambiguity of the constitution will make way for fairer decisions in the court and ensure that guilty men are punished and the innocent are rewarded with freedom. Needless to say, judges must maintain a high standard of integrity to avoid corruption within the judicial system. Corruption can baffle down even the strongest of judicial systems. It did once, for the Roman government. In essence, it is still the American people and not the judiciary who has the power to issue a final verdict. Our jury system was created to ensure that courtroom decisions are impartial, and that the citizens of the nation still have the final say.Jurors are chosen from different walks of life and given the responsibility and vocation of executing justice. This is a reflection of true democracy and I believe it is one of the major strengths of the American judicial system. Bibliography City Ha ll. Dir. Harold Becker. Perf. Al Pacino, John Cusack, Bridget Fonda, Danny Aiello, and David Paymer. 1996. DVD. Touchstone, 2001 MegaEssays. com. Federal and State Court Structures and Jurisdiction. 1 October 2007. The Devils Advocate. Dir. Taylor Hackford. Perf. Keanu Reeves, Al Pacino and Charlize Theron. Warner Brothers Pictures, 1997.

The Family Nurse

It was the best of times it was the worst of times . . . Charles Dickens penned this famous opening statement in one of his popular books which speak about the changing times during his day. Much has not changed either, if people interpret these same words into todays context.Families however, are encountering the constant and ever change magnitude bombardment of myriad pressures or more comm moreover now known as stressors. Spouses assume a variety of roles never before imagined during Dickens days. In most first world countries women live alone with children to support which made single parenting commonplace. In other words, every persons choice has profound effects upon his own world and that of the rest of his immediate reach of influence.Another example is when women who used to stay at home prior to the industrial long time started to assume multiple roles homemaking plus other jobs aside from tending to children and husband. This has complicated the family set-up or when the husband is left at home with no work, most conflicts arise. Husbands rarely accept willingly the tasks that wives used to do such as cleaning, laundry and baby-sitting. Husbands start to become hostile and family relationships take the downturn in scenarios such as when a husband perceives that the wife makes him feel she has become superior in the arrangement.The nursing profession has made great strides primarily towards the intervention aspects when nurses work as part of a team of health providers (as he/she takes on different roles) who address homelessness, facilities geared to aid the ageing assess, care and administer prescribed healthful remedies to the mentally disturbed, spouses and families in crises and especially those physically undergoing the effects of various kinds of emotional, physical (including chemical), mental and sexual abuse (Alexander et al., 2000).Specifically, the family nurse can respond in many a(prenominal) ways. Basically his/her role is in c ounseling. Knowledge not only in therapeutic techniques, medical or chemical drug application is not the only side to it. Counseling may come in the form of eliciting information on the issues or concerns of the family but it also has to do with the skills involved in some(prenominal) verbal and non-verbal communications such as active listening. The family nurse must be able to build rapport and establish credibility for the helping relationship to be effective. However, the family nurse must be knowledgeable as well on ethics that are expected to guide that relationship (Alexander et al., 2000).Reference1. Alexander, Margaret et al. THE FAMILY wellness NURSE CONTEXT, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND CURRICULUM World Health Organization (WHO). http//www.see-educoop.net/education_in/pdf/family_health_nurse-oth-enl-t06.pdf

Comparison Between Perfect Competition and Monopoly Essay

Uploading instructions Please view the assignment submission process document provided to you by the Virtual University to upload the assignment. Rules for Marking It should be clear that your assignment will non get any credit if The assignment is submitted after due mesh The submitted assignment does not compile or run The assignment is copied. Objective The assignment is being uploaded to make the students read their handouts thoroughly.As it has been observed that the students are not reading their handouts properly so the assignment will bridge the gap between the students and the handouts. The assignment will also augment the students understanding of the importance of close to specific dates and incidents in the history of Pakistan. identification (Fill in the blanks with appropriate words) 1. The Lahore Resolution was moved by _______________. 2. The World War started in 1939 3. The Hindus started Quit India Movement in ____________seeing British in trouble.. 4.Lord Wavel l announced elections in ________ 5. In __________1945 the elections of Central Legislature were held and the ML won all 30 Muslim seats. 6. On___________, 1946, all the newly elected Muslim members pledged in the Delhi Convention to shatter the Hindu dream of united India. 7. The Interim Government was formed under Nehru on kinfolk _________1946 and the ML stayed away. 8. Khizr Hayat Tiwana was a Muslim Leader from the_____________. 9. ___________meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on August 11, 1947 and the ceremonies on August 14. 10. ____________appointed as Viceroy and he arrived in Delhi on March 22, 1947. Attempting Methodology All the students should write down the whole sentences along with the missing words in accord with their order. Requirements of the Assignment 1. The medium of the course is English. 2. Assignment means comprehensive details about the given topic quoting different sources (books/articles/websites etc. ) but this assignment does need these th ings. 3. Copied material will be awarded ZERO. 4. after due date Assignment will not be accepted. Note You should prefer to upload your assignment in word document file.

Lead And Manage A Team Essay

1.1 -Explain the features of effective squad performanceThe features of effective police squad performance is suffice up through positive leadership, this is something which is developed and nurtured. An effective team testament pee-pee together, be counselinged and whole the period supporting individu every last(predicate)y other along the manner to achieve and reach goals. For a team to be effective, each team member emergencys to be clear on their sections and responsibilities relating to their job. Team performance will be more effective if there is respect for the leader/manager and an understanding towards their job role and responsibility.The leader/manager should also be sensitive of the skills or weakness within the team and be able to provide support were necessary and also utilise their strengths. Training and support will change module to improve performance, develop confidence and lift spirit within the team. A leader should encourage any conflicts to be resolved through healthy, master key confrontation and willingly and openly negotiate necessary changes. Effective leaders are a bit like cheerleaders for the team, they encourage and support members who are connected and actively with their teams and engage those members who arent participating.1.2 -Identify the ch tout ensembleenges experience by developing teams Lack of Diverse Skills and InterestsIf a team consists of members with similar skills and interests, the purpose of the team may non be achieved. Consider the scope of the project before selecting team members to determine which skills and interests best serve the team. Choose team members who endure a range of unalike skill sets and interests.Read moreExplain the Features of Effective Team PerformancePoor CommunicationWhen individuals work as part of a team, communication is a key. If a team member treats his role as an independent one, communication suffers. If the team leader doesnt communicate with the team memb ers, the office suffers. Hold team meetings to talk about expectations. Ask team members about their successes and challenges to gauge the level of communication. Supervisions are key as they are often a good tool to set objectives and measure success.Role ConfusionEven though a team works together to achieve a goal, each person enquires to recognize his specific role within the team. Otherwise, role confusion results. When team members lack an understanding of their specific roles or choose not to follow through with their roles, the team cannot develop as a cohesive and well- sportctioning unit. As a branch manager it is primary(prenominal) that i ensure that i develop specific, well-defined roles for each team member. Explain each role, in detail, to each team member to avoid confusion. Monitor team members to make sure they adhere to their assigned role.1.3 -Identify the challenges experienced by established teams ConflictConflict can occur in work place for all sorts of rea sons, however it can often occur in established teams. Often established teams can become quite friendly and personal issues can interfere or cause problems within the working environment, it is classical for me as the branch manager that these are indentified and dealt with sooner rather than later as often it can become difficult to manage if it escalates.NormingTuckman model refers to Forming Storming Norming and performing, experience teams can often get stuck in norming which is where everything becomes stagnant and just ticks over day to day. Day to day tasks are comp permite but nothing supra and beyond, as the branch manager its my role to get the team from this stage to performing, this can be done through regular team meetings, supervisions. 1.4 -Explain how challenges to effective team performance can be overcome Working as a part of a team can be challenging depending on contrasting personalities and working styles, however it can be just as rewarding, tasks can get completed quicker and the working environment can be fun and enjoyable. If not managed effectively the team will not function and there are some basic things to bare in mind.Clear job roles uninterrupted team meetingsRegular supervisions/appraisalsTeam building daysAll stave are aware of what we are working towardsManage performance effectively1.5 -Analyse how incompatible management styles may influence outcomes of team performance There are many management styles and i believe having one particular type all the time wont work, i find myself more of a democratic which is Democratic style, the manager renounces the employees to submit part in decision-making therefore everything is agreed upon by the majority. The communication is extensive in some(prenominal) directions (from employees to leaders and vice versa).This style can be particularly useful when complex decisions need to be make that require a range of specialist skills for example, when a new ICT system needs to be p ut in place, and the upper management of the business is computer-illiterate. From the boilersuit businesss point of view, job satisfaction and quality of work will improve, and participatory contributions from subordinates will be much higher. However, the decision-making process could be soberly slowed down unless decision processes are streamlined. The need for consensus may avoid taking the best decision for the business unless it is managed or limited.As stated above this does have its disadvantages as decisions can be slow and staff can become to winding in the managing of the business. Other types of management styles areConsultativePersuasiveoverlookingChaoticDemocratic is more my style but I will step into other styles should the need arise, however democratic style has its pros and cons, not all decisions can be made or involve the team and during these times conflict and anxiety may arise, it also has the potential to blur job role boundaries as staff may feel they are in a higher limit than they actually are, I think its all important(p) during times staff can not be involved in decisions thence other styles of management should explored, being stuck in one style can become prophetic and staff may become complacent. A good style of management is also Autocratic this style of management is where the manager makes all the decisions and this can be an assertive style however it can make the stafffeel less involved in the day to day running of the business, it does have it pros staff can feel well lead and managed with the business under control as the manager can come across confident.I think its important to move between the both styles depending on the situation, for example if you are disciplining someone the a more assertive style would be needed, where as if you are difficult to reach targets or setting KPIs then the democratic style would be more suited as you would involve the whole team and let everyone decide how the KPIs would be achi eved, staff are more likely to achieve targets if they are involved in the process.1.6a &B -Analyse methods of developing and maintaining believe / business Trust develops from unchanging actions that show staff you are reliable, cooperative and committed to team success. A sense of confidence in the workplace better allows employees to work together for a common goal. Trust does not always happen naturally, especially if previous actions make the employees question if you are reliable. Take stock of the catamenia level of trust in the workplace, identifying potential roadblocks. An action plan to build positive relationships helps improve the overall work environment for all employees. Remain guileless with your employees about both positive and negative aspects of the business. Expect your management team to maintain the same level of honesty with the employees.This sense of integrity makes your employees and colleagues more rely of your actions Involve all employees in ach ieving company goals. Be transparent with your companys mission and goals so all employees feel they are a priceless part of obtaining those objectives. Employees who feel management values them are more likely to instil trust in those leaders Value all input from your employees. bring forward employees at all levels to share their ideas for improving the company. Listen with an open mind even if you dont ultimately choose to follow a speck made by an employee. bushel the duties. Eighty share of the job is specified by your job description and responsibilities.Twenty percent of your time, however, is spent helping colleagues and clients. create an atmosphere where everyone bends over backward for the other person. A successful, trusted and well-respected teammember uses words like, absolutely or certainly when asked for help. Look for things that need to be done and do them without being asked This is the true definition of teamwork. Be clear with prospective employees during the interview process. What are your expectations? Hold your existing employees and new hires to consistent standards, outlined in your policy manual. True teamwork demands that all employees are held to the same standards and, most importantly, do whatever is necessary to take care of the customerDefine your expectations in a workplace policy manual. A personnel policy and workplace manual should cover individual and team responsibilities. If you dont already have one, or if you have one that needs updating, be sure it includes items such asJob descriptionOffice and working hoursLeave timeProfessional appearance, including body piercing, tattoos and hair color SalaryOther benefitsOutside employmentProbationary periodsPerformance reviewsAbsenteeismDisciplineTerminationBe aware, however, that more important than defining your expectations You need to be consistent in holding all employees to the same standard or else you will create an atmosphere of favouritism dodging the time comm itment and set aside adequate time for each task. It is not fair to assign or accept a responsibility and then have no time to accomplish the task. Be realistic about the timeframe, and make sure your team members are aware of the deadlines for each project they take on. Be careful to not overload your staff with too many commitments or too many interruptions. They will get discouraged and burned out. Instead, focus on delegating one task at a time, communicating the objective and timeframe clearly.Open the lines of communication by having an open-door policy. Manage by walking around. deal the concerns of your team and deal with them head on. Ignoring your staffs concerns will NOT make them go away Be positive in your approach and undecomposed in your attitude. Do not lose your temper. Instead, be reasonable and predicable. If you respond inappropriately, whether out of anger or insult, your team will remember the 10 percent of the time that you were out of control, not the 90 per cent of the time that you did wellBy following these steps and increasing the accountability of your office staff, you create trust and respect in the workplace. With these changes, your sense of teamwork and trust will grow, while decreasing your levels of stress and conflict1.6 -Compare methods of addressing conflict within a teamBe cognizant when conflict occursKnowing that conflict may and will occur is the first step to resolving it, especially if you know that certain team members may dissent with each other. By recognising that there will be conflict, a manager knows what to expect.Set the Ground RulesAt the beginning set some ground rules in your first meeting. Be sure to address what process will be taken to address conflicts, as they are bound to rise and will need to be taken care of before they spiral out of control. Tell team members that everyones ideas are valid and that they shouldnt be dismissed, even if you do not agree with them.Learn About Destructive ConflictsC onflict becomes destructive when no resolution is in sight or the issue cannot be resolved. A psychological model for explaining destructive patterns is the persecutor-victim-rescuer triangle. The persecutor would be the bad-guy or bully in this scenario, but the rescuer is also placing him or herself in a position of superiority over the supposed victim. Stop yourself if you see yourself slipping into any of these roles and also try to recognise it in your team.Stop Conflict when it HappensConflict should be addressed immediately before it can grow. If a discussiongrows heated during a meeting, do not wait until the next meeting to address the issue. Instead, discuss the issue while in the meeting even if members disagree, they are still able to see each others points of view.Get the Whole stratumBe sure you understand the perspectives of every person involved. Conflicts arise when there are differences of opinion, but also due to miscommunication or misunderstanding. As the manag er, you should get all the information you can in regards to the conflict so that you can resolve it efficiently and effectively.Meet for ResolutionsIf the conflict cant be resolved during the initial meeting, set up a separate meeting with those that are having the conflicts, so that a resolution can be reached without getting the other team members involved and picking sides.Discuss Both Sides of a PerspectiveEven if you are inclined to agree with one side of the conflict, do not make a final judgment until each person has had their say. Ending a discussion without hearing each person out can escalate the problem. Explain the pros and cons of both ideas, so that both people can consider the opposing view.Make Compromise a GoalCompromising between parties is helpful, as it can allow for both conflicting parties the ability to use their ideas. Most times, points can be combined in order to make a better idea or solution.

By Using the Structural Functionalist Approach Essay

rationale by the people is what a democracy is made of, this might be achieved by having the party in power elected into office into office by the majority, the term democracy and the practice itself is diverse in each soil but it has similar features which characterize all forms. This essay explains the impact or contributions of political parties in a complimentary Democracy using the Structural functionalist Approach. It result also converse the important business offices that these political parties play in every political structure, specifically in Zambia. To start with, it will explain what the terms Liberal, Liberal Democracy and Political Parties are it will also explain the Structural functionalist Approach. Thereafter, the works and critiques of having Political parties will later be discussed.According to Emerson (1920), Liberal is that pass or attitude which wills to understand and respect other peoples behavior, opinions it implies vigorous convictions, tolerance f or the opinions of others and a persistent desire for sound progress, Democracy is Rule by the people, especially as a form of government either directly, as in Ancient Greece, or through elected representatives as in many modern societies (representative democracy). Franois (1998). Therefore Liberal Democracy refers to a broad array of related ideas and theories of government that consider individual liberty to be the close to important political goal. Partridge, 1866). A political party According to Schlesinger (1992) is a convocation organized to gain control of government in the name of the group by winning election to public office. The Structural functionalist Approach is an approach that studies, analyses and views structures and systems in any social setting with regards to the role or functions they play in the development of any society. A political party being a structure in a political system has a vital role or function it plays in society. A liberal democracy may tak e various constitutional forms it

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay

The recent declaration by the government to declare Telengana as the 29th state with 10 districts and Hyderabad as a common Capital has opened a Pandoras Box of similar clamors. Many classs postulate stepped up their game demanding for their own statehood. The government will demand to ponder many factors before redrawing boundaries and splitting up states. Nationalism has always re master(prenominal)ed the most controversial evangel in the political theory. It cannot be merely defined as the casual association of masses inwardly a territory.It is the sharing of some popular beliefs, ascribing a common political identity to its entire people and sharing a common history. In this context the internal outcries for disjoined statehood cannot be ignored stellar(prenominal) facie. Also more and more stifling of these demands will be a call for disaster. These types of internal conflicts collapse always been a head-ache for governments worldwide and they are still searching for a way-out. India is a nation lauded for atomic number 53 in Diversity and a large number of minority groups of ethnic, tribal, cultural and social origin exist within the country and have been living harmoniously since Independence.They have been amply protected under our governing body taking into consideration their capacity to influence the populace so that their voice too is eloquently hear in a highly democratic nation like ours. However in case they olfactory perception subjugated or threatened they have the full right to protest. Their demand for separate statehood comes from the limbo they have remained in since fourth dimension immemorial. They feel that a separate main(a) state would give them a dampen chance of survival, development and above all better administration.Andhra Pradesh when formed by the union of British-States and princely provinces later Independence was on linguistic basis i. e. they all spoke Telugu. However Jawaharlal Nehru said at the time that i n case anyone feels uneasy by their counterparts they can ask for dissociation. The plea for Telengana as a separate state had been going on for several years abrogating its ties with coastal Andhra Pradesh and Rayalseema. What triggered the demand was its continuing negligence in developmental schemes for the state.However, stiff opposition has also risen from the latter regions thereby placing the government in a quandary. The internecine demands for Hyderabad as Capital of the state, by both the regions have exacerbated the situation. It has conclusively served as a dramatise to similar demands from other parts of the nation. The Nagas, an ethnic group claims that they have been demanding for a bigger Nagaland by consolidating the Nagas from different Eastern states like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Assam from time immemorial and hence they should be the first to be considered.The cry for Vidarbha, an autonomous state in Maharashtra, Gorkhaland in West Bengal have become more ferocious. There has also been a demand to split up the large Uttar Pradesh into four states for better administration-Avadh Pradesh, Purvanchal, Bundelkhand and Paschim Pradesh. The armed conflicts by Kukis, an ethnic group in Manipur is also for their own state. The conflicts ended after signing a Suspension of Agreements (SoA) in 2005 by the Indian Army and the Kuki National Party and United Peoples Front, the two main parties under whose umbrella the protests were organized.The Agreement was signed after the promise from Prime Minister to hold contributive talks which is yet to meet place. State wide protests and hartaals have already begun in all these states since the announcement for Telengana. However the premise of the argument that smaller state means better administration is fallacious in nature. Splitting up of the nation into several small states baron result in the fact that their voices might be trampled upon. It will take some time until they become really autono mous recovering from the protests and conflicts with a stable economy.In such a scenario a hostile contiguous state sharing its verge is certainly not conducive. Also it will be only a matter of time for these demands to take on a communal character. That is a price we have already paid for and are misfortunate from its after impacts even today. The government has to hold many productive talks and discussions with the states concerned and should thoroughly witness for all other viable options before hastening into any decision. Therefore taking a holistic make and after careful deliberation only the decision to demarcate and redraw boundaries forming more and more states should be taken.

New Jersey Institute of Technology Essay

In this 21st century world, the intellectual society plays an eventful role for communicating and sharing the information. The power of society helps us to collect data which acts as a bridge to our success and advancement in this world. The generosity of teachers, classmates and friends gave me an insight of NJIT. My passion to pursue my dreams forced me to take in for the NJIT. Ever since my childhood years, my interest in computer systems and business both had put me in a dilemma. With the help of my research, I came forward to NJIT which offers degree in computing and business.My passion would be illuminated with the introduction in NJIT. The art learning environment at NJIT is a perfect place which can check me the most comprehensive learning experience possible. The diversified climate leave help me communicate and mess up in activities of different culture and ethnicity and travel around the globe with ease and knowledge of different countries. culmination from a middle class family it is very essential for the transportation to be less expensive and comfortable. It is another(prenominal) key point which brought me here to apply for the NJIT.The teachings of the brilliant professors of the NJIT and the advanced technology lead provide me a great learning experience and expand my intelligence and ideas about this 21st century world. Admission to the NJIT will be one step further towards the path of my dream. The future is controlled by the step taken by an individual in the present. The information provided to me by the teachers, friends, internet and adding me to the list of the students of NJIT will enrich my experience that will help me to grow into well rounded and a successful person.

Website for Cavite State University-Silang Campus

INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of the StudyA theme refers to a printed exit consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news, feature articles, advertisements, and correspondence. It occupies an important place in our life. It plays an important role in shaping the destiny of a country. Every morning a newspaper brings up news from every corner of the world. A penny-pinching newspaper is a sign of good civilization and progress of a country. It satisfies the demands of the literates, it covers a wide range of subjects like sports, advertisement, education, trade etc. the government activity makes important announcements only through a newspaper. It plays a very important role in a democratic country.It is a true mirror of the public aspect. The importance of newspapers johnt be neglected in the social uplift of the country. Hence, newspapers still enjoy an integral part in the society (Prajwal N., 2010). The Sumilang base of Publications, the publisher of The Sumilang Ch ronicles and separate scholastic news all in allowters, is the official publication of Cavite State University Silang Campus. The organization is built under country Act No. 7079 or the Campus Journalism Act of 1991. According to Section 2 of R.A. 7079, It is the declared insurance policy of the State to uphold and protect the freedom of the press even at the campus level and to promote the intermitment and growth of campus journalism as a means ofstrengthening ethical values, encouraging critical and germinal thinking, and developing moral character and personal discipline of the Filipino youth.In furtherance of this policy, the State shall undertake dissimilar programs and projects aimed at improving the journalistic skills of students concerned and promoting responsible and free journalism. It is the responsibility of the organization to provide the members of the pedantic community with all the current news and updates happening around the campus which includes universi ty and academic news, phylogenesis news, community news, features, sports news, literary, opinion and photo essays. However, release of newsletter inside the university is not frequent unlike other schools, resulting to lack of teaching on the latest happenings inside the university.To address this problem, the proponents have come up with a proposed study to develop a website for The Sumilang theme of Publications, in which the current news and events of the university can be read and irritateed anytime and anywhere by the students, faculty members, and administrators of the university.1.2 Statement of the ProblemAccording to some interviews conducted to the members of the The Sumilang conference of Publications, they are experiencing difficulties with their operations. With the traditional process in communicating with other members, they are affected in terms of reaching out to its members, frankincense resulting in miscommunication. The manual arrangement of checking and p assing of news articles are also affecting the operations of the organization.Some articles are not following the congruous process in proofreading, thus resulting to multiple unseen errors. As observed by the proponents, developing a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications of Cavite State University Silang Campus allow greatly benefit the organization. With this, the students, faculty members and administrators, allow now have access to information on the latest news and updates inside the university online. The organization will also have the baron to import and manage their data and articles with the help of the website.1.3 ObjectivesThe general purpose of this study is to create a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications of Cavite State University Silang Campus. Also, this study has the following specific objectives a. To design a website that will highlight the official publication of the university b. To disseminate the latest news and events inside the uni versity in real time c. To develop the system as think, andd. To test and implement the system.1.4 Significance of the StudyThe project design, Website for the Sumilang Group of Publications in Cavite State University Silang Campus, was developed in companionship to address the need of the organization in managing updates about the latest news and events happening inside the university. Also, this was intended for the rapid processing of articles to elevate their services.This study is also intended to benefit the writers of the Sumilang Group of Publications because it will let them post their articles in a more secure and convenient manner. Also, the students and instructors of Cavite State University Silang Campus will benefit with this website because they can now coordinate and contribute in ensuring that all information found are correct and well-updated.Multitasking will also be more efficient with the help of this project design. The members will now be adapted to save time in submitting their articles, while other staffs and members can now handle other tasks, thus making their operations more efficient. Also, the university can save resources, time, and energy in producing accurate reports that in return, will eliminate time hindrances and data inconsistencies.As for the students and instructors that will serve as the readers, this system can assure that all data found on the website are timely and accurate Giving the impression that the Sumilang Group of Publications is a credible organization that will result in more confidence for the members ofthe organization in put for them to continue serving the academic community. Scope and LimitationThis project design is only limited in the development of a website for The Sumilang Group of Publications of Cavite State University Silang Campus with the following features Add, edit, and feature news articles, display news and announcements, and highlight the Sumilang Group of Publications as the offi cial publication of Silang Campus. In order to develop the project design, the researchers used a iodine unit of computer with the following specifications Intel Atom processor N270 (1.60 GHz, 533 MHz FSB, 512 KB L2 cache) processor, 2GB memory and 500GB hard record book storage. For the software, the researchers used Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate (32-bit) operating system, PHP for the scripting language, and MySQL for the database.In order to properly address the problem of the organization and to affirm software that will meet certain standards, the researchers used the Rapid Application Development (RAD). RAD is a software development process used to speed the overall development time of a system. The objective of RAD is first to decrease development time, which will decrease expense, by involving end-users in every build of the software development life cycle. There are four human bodys in RAD as shown in Figure 1. The first degree is requirements planning.Requirement plann ing is the process of identifying the solution to the current problem. The user design phase is the phase when the end-user gives thoughts on how the system should be designed. This would be a non-technical design. It is a local design of the system. The nigh phase is the construction phase, which is the actual building of the system. The final phase is the installation of the system, which is called the cutover phase. Included in this phase is the testing and training of the users.

Digital Comm Tutorial

The touch of quantization introduces an hallucination or noise component into the quantised manifestation. Derive an comparison for the fork up in mind-squ ard quantisation error in terms of the quantization interval a. ii) Hence show that the big top direct-to-quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) is SQNR = ( 6n + 4. 8 ) dB Where 2 n is the keep down of quantisation aims. b)i) Linear quantisation is used prior to binary PCM encoding of an analogue baseband signal which has a uniform fortune niggard occupationss function. The signal-to-quantisation noise ratio must be no little than 35 dB.How many binary dapples ar need to code each(prenominal) quansation level? ii) If the bit say is 104 bits per second, what should be the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal prior to take? Q2. a)i) exempt how non parentagear quantisation can be used to reduce the number of levels required to quantise a signal. ii) Explain wherefore logarithmic quantisation is preferred. iii) What types of signal is close fitted to be processed by non-linear quantisation? b) Sketch the A-law companding curved. Explain why companding is used in piece transmitting systems. c) Show that the dynamic range of the logarithmic portion of the A-law compander is 38. dB and that the improvement in signal to quantisation noise ratio realized for sm each(prenominal) signals, comp bed with linear quantisation , is 24 dB.d) For an 8-bit A-law companded PCM system, calculate the SQNR available and the PCM bit rate. Assume the sampling frequency is 8 KHz. Q3. a) Explain (qualitatively) how Differential Pulse Code passage (DPCM) can reduce the transmission bandwidth required. b) Explain what is delta modulation. Why it is particularly suited to talking to signals? c) For an input sine curve of frequency 1 kHz, estimate and comp atomic number 18 the signal-to-error ratios of a linear PCM coder using a sampling rate of 2. kHz and 7 bits per sample quantisation with a single-integration delta modulator producing the same gross bit rate. BASEBAND REGERATOR / misapprehension PROBABILITY / LINE CODE Q4. a) Digital transmission systems provide better received signal fibre comp are to analogue transmission systems when implementing a long distance communication refer. Explain briefly why this is so. b) A PCM transmission involvement employed 8 bit coding and uses baseband regenerator as repeater. Determine the signal/noise ratio ratio obtainable at the receiver assuming no bit error occurred. c) An analogue transmission system required amplifiers to be spaced every 2 km apart.Assume the Signal-to-Noise ratio of the amplifier is 65 dB, determine the maximum distance of the think before the quality of the received signal is lower than the PCM link above. d) A RF binary PSK system operates with phase states separated by 180o. The bit rate is 2. 0 Mbit/s and the noise power spectral density at the input to an ideal matched filter sensing element is 1. 0 pW/Hz. If the transmission loss between transmitter and detector is 40 dB, what power must be transmitted to achieve a probability of bit error of 1( 10-6 ? For binary PSK , Pe = ? 1- erf(Eb/No)1/2 Error function tables are provided. Q5. ) scoop out a simplified block diagram of a PCM regenerative repeater. b) An ideal 18 section, copper cable, PCM link employs unipolar , NRZ, rectangular pulses on each section and a center point detection process at each repeater. The probability of error versus SNR for this transmission and detection scheme is given by pic If every(prenominal) sections were identical, and operated with a section SNR of precisely 18 dB, what would be the overall probability of error for the entire link? Q6.(a) Sketch the typical, long term, spectrum of a speech waveform. Show on your sketch the bandwidth normally considered sufficient for promise up quality transmission. b) i) If the voice signal in part (a) is to be transmitted using 8-bit PCM and use the bandwidth amphe tamine frequency limit shown on your sketch to find the required PCM bit rate. ii) What road bandwidth, in principle, would be required if the PCM bits were to be transmitted as perfectly rectangular pulses without distortions? iii) What is the tokenish theoretical bandwidth which would allow the PCM bits to be transmitted independently (i. e. without inter-symbol interference (ISI) at the receiver sampling instants)? Explain your answer. (c) i) What is the master(prenominal) functions of line codes? i) The bit stream shown in Fig. Q7 is to be line-coded using the blue-density substitutiontechnique HDB3. Sketch a version of the resulting coded signal.What are the features of HDB3 which makes it an attractive line code? pic Fig. Q6 TDM / PDH / SDH Q7. a)i) come across, with the aid of a diagram, the way in which analogue shout channels plus signalling and value information are combined in a plesiochronous time-division multiplexed system to form the primary multiplex group. ii ) What sampling rate would be appropriate for each earphone channel and what would be the gross bit rate of the multiplex group? )i) Show how primary multiplex groups may be combined to form high level multiplexes and to provide rile for wideband signals. ii) Explain why it is prerequisite in a high order Plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH ) to de-multiplex down to the lowest order whenever a single channel is to be extracted or inserted.c) report the number of telephone channels which can be accommodated at level 4 of a PDH. d) In the PDH, explain why the bit rate at a given level is not exactly an integer multiple of the bit rate at the level below. Q8. a) Explain why bit justification is required in a PDH network, and describe how it may be performed. ) i) Determine the minimum and maximum input channel rates accommodated by an CEPT2 multiplexer. ii) Determine the rate of CEPT1 mis spews caused by erroneous reading of a stuffed bit. Assume channel bit error rate Pe is 10 -6. CEPT2 parameters Bit rate8. 448 Mbit/s Master frame continuance848 bits Message continuance/channel205 bits Framing bits12 bits Stuffing control bits12 bits Stuff bits4 bits c)i) Explain what is frame slip. ii) In a PDH network, the primary multiplex clock generators have frequency stability of 1 part in 107. see the add up number of frames slips per hours in a connection of 5 inter-exchange links.Q9. a) differentiate the essential features of the Plesiochronous Digital power structure (PDH). b) Plesiochronous networks have a number of disadvantages by comparisons with the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. State and explain two of them. c) Draw a block diagram illustrating the SDH. Show on your diagram the nominal STMbit rates associated with each SDH level. d)i) Describe the SDH primary-rate frame structure with particular reference to the location within the frame of the section overheads, the (administrative unit) pointers and the STM-1 payload. ii) What are the main functi ons of pointer? SIGNALLINGQ10. a)i) Explain the need for foretoken in a telecommunication system. ii) List the minimum underlying signboard requirements, and show how they may be obtained in the subscriber loop of a typical telephone network. b) Draw a simple block diagram illustrating the essential difference between channel-associated signaling (CAS) and customary channel signaling (CCS). c) List the advantages of CCS over CAS. d) Modern digital electric switch over systems using Stored Program keep (SPC) employ CCS. Draw a block diagram showing how CCS may be implemented. e) What is the disadvantage of CCS and how are they overcome? Q11. ) Show how the ITU-T (formerly CCITT ) signaling systems No. 7 conform to theInternational Standard Organisation, Open Systems Interconnection (ISO-OSI ) beat. b) What are the three types of signal units employ by the ITU-T SS No. 7? What is the function of each? c)i) How is the channel associated signaling handled by the 30+2 PCM primary multiplex frame? ii) Calculate the bit rate of the signaling channel with one voice channel. TELETRAFFIC THEORY Q12. a) In a fracture system for which blocked chitchats are lost, the average number of calls per hour is 200 with an average holding time of 3 minutes.Estimate the number of boxers required to achieve a grade of serve well of 0. 1 %. b) On the average during the busy hour, duty generated in exchange A and exchange B is shown in table Q13. Assume no tandem bicycle traffic, estimate the number of trunk channels (two way connections) required for a grade service of 1 % i) if the same lines are used for incoming and coming(a) calls, ii) if separate lines are used for incoming and outgoing calls. Evaluate the above options and propose a cost effective solution. What is the minimum number of trunk lines required to serve the two exchanges? transfer A Exchange B Exchange A - 36 Erlang Exchange B 43 Erlang - Table Q13 c) Calculate the number of channels needed in a se ven-cell re-use condition cellular systems to achieve a blocking probability of 1 % if there are 2800 calls per cell per hour, each of average duration of 1. 8 minutes. (use traffic table). Q13.a) Define traffic intensity and congestion. ) Explain why it is necessary to determine the traffic variations as a function of time for a telephone exchange. c)For a telephone exchange designed based on blocked call lost assumption, the probability of there existence k calls in progress with N trunks carrying traffic A Erlang is given by picpic i) Explain what is meant by blocked call lost. Give an evaluation the effect of this assumption. ii) Derive an equation for the probability all servers are busy and the subscriber encountered call blocking. State the assumptions made for the above equation to be valid. ) A PBX with 250 internal lines has 10 trunks to the public network. i) What is the probability of call blocking if each internal line is involved in four external calls with an averag e duration of 2. 5 minutes per call, per eight-hour working twenty-four hours? ii) How many additional trunk connections would be required to improve the grade-of service to better than 0. 5 %? Q14. a) In a queue uping system, the average rate of packet transmission is ( frames per second, and the average comer rate of data is ( packets per second. The probability that therewill be n packets in the queue isPn = (1 ( )( ( ) nwhere ( = ( / ( b) Derive an equation for the average number of packets in the queue and show how this varies with the parameter ( . c) How would you use this equation to design the node in a packet-switched system? d) If the switching node has a transmission capacity of 800 packets per second and the packet arrival rate is 500 packets per second. i) Calculate the average number of packets in the queue and hence ii) Calculate the average waiting time per packet. iii) What is the mean delay introduced by the switching node on a packet? ) A common channel signal ling system uses a 64 kbits/s data link to serve a group of 1500 speech circuits on a route between two exchanges. The busy-hour traffic is 1000 E and the average call duration is two minutes.On average each call requires transmission of ten messages (five signals plus five responses) and the average message length is 20 octets. Calculate the percentage of messages which encounter delay and the mean delay for these messages. entropy COMMUNICATION NETWORK Q15. a)i) Describe the principle of data communication by packet switching. ii) Evaluate the advantages of this outline by comparison with circuit switching. )Show how the format of a packet can allow inclusion of routing, error correction, synchronisation and data. c)A packet switch has a single outgoing link at 2. 048 Mbit/s. The average length of each packet is 960 bytes. If the average packet delay through the switch must be less than 20 ms, assuming an M/M/1 queue, determine the i) maximum total packet arrival rate ii) averag e length of the queue. Q16a) schema the ISO-OSI data communication network model. b) i) At which layer of the ISO-OSI model does the routing information provided? ii) Name and describe briefly two common routing protocols for the Wide Area Network (WAN).ii) comparing the relative performance of the protocols. iv) give an example of the connection standard applicable to each. c) Describe the format of a High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) packet and describe how this could be employed to implement call set-up, data transfer and call clearing in a virtual circuit. ISDN / B-ISDN Q17. a) Most national tele-traffic networks have evolved from systems using analogue telephonyand signaling and electromechanical switching. Show, using diagrams, how it has been possible to develop Integrated Digital Networks (IDN) whilst retaining such(prenominal) of the transmission network. ) An IDN is required to provide communication of information in addition to digital telephony signals. Describe the others signals necessary to operate an IDN and show how these can be integrated within a single network. c) Outline the potential benefits of an ISDN. d) Describe the data handling capabilities of Basic Rate door and Primary Rate Access ISDN services. What are the gross bit rates in each case? Q18. a) Describe the process which takes buttocks in a packet speech transmission system and outline the transmission delay which cogency be anticipate. ) In a packet communication network packets arrive at a switch according to a Poisson distribution with a mean arrival rate of 4 packet/s.The service time is exponentially distributed with a mean value of 100 ms. Assuming that each packet contains 70 bytes and the output transmission rate is 5. 6 kbit/s. How long, on average, does a packet have to wait in the queue? If the switch in part (c) is limited in length to 10 packets, what is the probability of losing packets? c) What extensions to these access processes will be required to handl e multi-media terminals and what data transfer method will be most appropriate? ) What are the numerical values of the following i) ATM cell size. ii) ATM information orbit size. iii) SDH STM-1 bit rate. iv) PCM voice channel bit rate. e) Use your answer in part (d) to find the expected total network delay (including packetisation delay) experienced by a voice signal transmitted over an ATM network connection operating at the SDH STM-1 bit rate. The connection traverse 8 switching centers, each of which introduces a mean delay equal to 98 ATM cells. The transmission path length is 350 km in total, and the specific delay of the transmission medium is 5 (s/km.

A Dirty Job Chapter 6

6VARIABLE speeding HEROESIn the alley behind Ashers Secondhand, the emperor moth of San Francisco hand-fed olive focaccia to the troops and tried to keep chamfer schnozzle from fouling his breakfast.Patience, Bummer, the Emperor verbalize to the Boston terrier, who was leaping at the day-old wheel of flat bread corresponding a hidery Super Ball, time Lazarus, the solemn golden retriever, stood by, waiting for his carry on. Bummer snorted an impatient reply (thus the dog s non). Hed worked up a furious appetite beca purpose breakfast was running late today. The Emperor had slept on a bench by the Maritime Museum, and during the night his arthritic knee had snaked bug turn turn pop out(p) of his wool everywherecoat into the break down cold, making the walk to North Beach and the Italian bakery that gave them free day-old a inert and painful ordeal.The Emperor groaned and sit down down on an empty milk crate. He was a grand rolling bear of a man, his shoulders broad t ho a little broken from carrying the weight of the city. A white tangle of hair and beard wr wash uphed his face the likes of a storm cloud. As farthest as he could remember, he and the troops had patrolled the city streets forever, save upon further consideration, it might assimilate serious been since Wednesday. He wasnt entirely sure.The Emperor decided to make a proclamation to the troops about the importance of comp nameationion in the face of the rising tide of heinous fuckery and political weaselocity in the nearby dry land of the United States. (He put up his audience was most attentive to his proclamations when the meat-laced focaccia were still nuzzled in the larder of his overcoat pockets, and shortly a pepperoni and Parmesan reposed fragrant in the woolly depths, so the royal hounds were rapt.) merely retrisolelyory as he clea tearing his throat to begin, a cargo van came screeching around the corner, went up on dickens wheels as it plowed by dint of a row of refuse cans, and slid to a stop non 50 feet away. The drivers-side approach flew open and a thin man in a suit leapt out, carrying a lambast and a womans fur coat, and made a beeline for the masking approach of Ashers. But before he got dickens steps the man fell to the concrete as if hit from behind, then rolled on his cover version and began flailing at the air with the beat and the coat. The Emperor, who knew most every adept, recognized Charlie Asher.Bummer erupted into a fit of yapping, but the to a greater extent healthy Lazarus growled once and took slay toward Charlie.Lazarus the Emperor shouted, but the retriever charged on, followed today by his bug-eyed br separate in arms.Charlie was backrest on his feet and swinging the cane as if he was fencing with few phantom, using the coat like a shield. Living on the street, the Emperor had substantiaten a lot of people battling with unseen demons, but Charlie Asher was vapourously scoring some hits. The cane w as making a thwacking noise against what appeared to be thin air but no, on that point was something there, a shadow of some sort?The Emperor climbed to his feet and limped into the fray, but before he got deuce steps Lazarus had leapt and appeared to be attacking Charlie, but he soared over the shopkeeper and snapped at a vilification preceding(prenominal) his head then hung there, his jaws sunk into the substantial neck of thin air.Charlie took advantage of the distraction, stepped back, and swung the cane supra the levitating golden retriever. There was a smack, and Lazarus let go, but now Bummer launched himself at the invisible foe. He baffled whatever was there, and ended up performing a doggy swish shot into a garbage can.Charlie made for the steel door of Ashers again, but found it runed, and as he reached for his keystones, something caught him from behind.Let go, fuckface, the shade screeched.The fur coat Charlie was holding appeared to be swept out of his hand an d was pulled straight up, over the four-story building and out of sight.Charlie turned and held the cane at ready, but whatever had been there calculateed to be gone now.Arent you that conjectural to sit above the door and nevermore and be poetic and block up? he shouted at the sky. Then, for good measure, added, You evil fuckLazarus barked, then whined. A sharp and metallic yapping rose from Bummers garbage can.Well, you dont see that every day, said the Emperor as he limped up to Charlie.You could see that?Well, no, non really. Merely a shadow, but I could see that something was there. There was something there, wasnt there, Charlie?Charlie nodded, trying to catch his breath. It will be back. It followed me across the city. He dug into his pocket for his keys. You guys should duck into the interject with me, Your Majesty. Of course Charlie knew the Emperor. Every San Franciscan knew the Emperor.The Emperor smiled. Thats very mixed bag of you, but we will be perfectly safe. For now I need to free my charge from his galvanized prison. The outsize man tipped the garbage can and Bummer emerged snorting and tossing his head as if ready to tear the ass out of any man or beast foolhardy enough to cross him (and he would have, as long as they were knee-high or shorter).Charlie was still having trouble with the key. He knew he should have had the lock replaced, but it worked, if you finessed it a little, so hed never made it a priority. Who the hell idea youd ever have to get in quick to escape a giant bird? Then he comprehend a screech and turned to see not one, but two huge ravens coming over the roof and diving into the alley. The dogs arfed a frantic barking salvo at the avian intruders and Charlie cast so more than body English into wiggling the key in the lock that he matte up an atrophied dancing vigour tear in his hip.Theyre back. Cover me. Charlie threw the cane to the Emperor and braced himself for the impact, but as soon as the cane touched the old mans hand the birds were gone. You could almost hear the pop of the air replacing the home they had taken up. The dogs caught themselves in mid-ruff Bummer whimpered.What? the Emperor said. What?Theyre gone.The Emperor looked at the sky. Youre sure?For now.I saw two shadows. in truth saw them this time, the Emperor said.Yes, there were two this time.What are they?I have no idea, but when you took the cane they well, they disappeared. You really saw them?Im sure of it. Like smoke with a purpose.Finally the key turned in the lock and the door to Ashers back populate swung open. You should come in. Rest. Ill order something to eat.No, no, the men and I mustiness be on our rounds. Ive decided to make a proclamation this morning and we need to see the printer. Youll be needing this. The Emperor presented the cane to Charlie like he was turning over a sword of the realm.Charlie started to take it, then fancy better of it. Your Majesty, I mobilize youd better keep that. It looks as if you might be able to use it. Charlie nodded toward the Emperors creaky knee.The Emperor held the cane steady. I am not a worshiper of the material, you know?I understand that.I am a firm believer that desire is the source of most of piece suffering, youre aware, and no culprit is more heinous than desire for material gain.I run my business found on those very principles. Still, I insist you keep the cane as a favor to me, if you would?Charlie found himself affecting the Emperors formal speech patterns, as if somehow he had been transported to a royal court where a nobleman was distinguished by bread crumbs in his beard and the royal guard were not above licking their balls.Well, as a favor, I will accept. It is a fine piece of craftsmanship.But more importantly, it will permit you to make your rounds in good time.The Emperor now betrayed the desire in his spunk as he let fly a wide grin and hugged the cane to his chest. It is fine, indeed. Charlie, I must confess som ething to you, but I ask you to grant me the credulity due a man who has just shared witness, with a friend, of two giant, raven- influence shades.Of course. Charlie smiled, when level(p) a moment before he would have thought his smile lost someplace in the months past.I hope you wont think me base, but the second I touched this, I snarl as if I had been waiting for it my whole life.Then, for no reason that he could think of, Charlie said, I know.A few minutes before, inside the store, Lily had been brooding. It wasnt her general brood, the reaction to a valet where everyone was stupid and life was meaningless and the mere act of living was futile, especially if your mother forgot to get coffee at the store. This one was a more specific brood, that had started out when she arrived at work and Ray had pointed out that it was her turn to wear the vanitying tiara, and insisted that if she wore the tiara, she actually vacuum the store. (In fact, she liked wearing the rhinestone ti ara that Charlie, in a move of strident bourgeois sneakiness, had designated be worn by whoever did the vacuuming and sweeping each day, and no other time. It was the vacuuming and sweeping she objected to. She felt manipulated, used, and generally taken advantage of, and not in the fun way.) But today, later shed put the tiara and the vacuum away and had finally gotten a couple of cups of coffee in her system, the brooding had gone on, building to full-scale angst, when it began to dawn on her that she was going to have to figure out this college-career thing, because despite what The Great Big disc of Death said, she had not been chosen as a dark minion of destruction. FuckShe stood in the back room looking at all the items that Charlie had piled there the day before shoes, lamps, umbrellas, porcelain figures, toys, a couple of books, and an old written communication television and a painting of a clown on black velvet.He said this stuff was glowing? she asked Ray, who stood in the doorway to the store.Yes. He made me check it all with my Geiger counter.Ray, why the fuck do you have a Geiger counter?Lily, why do you have a nose stud shaped like a bat?Lily ignored the question and picked up the ceramic frog from the night before, which now had a note taped to it that read DO NOT SELL OR DISPLAY in Charlies meticulous block-letter printing. This was one of the things? This?That was the first one he freaked out about, said Ray matter-of-factly. The truant officeholder tried to buy it. That started it all.Lily was shaken. She back over to Charlies desk and sat in the squeaky oak swivel chair. Do you see anything glowing or pulsating, Ray? Have you ever?Ray shook his head. Hes under a lot of stress, losing Rachel and taking care of the baby. I think maybe he needs to get some foster. I know after I had to leave the force Ray paused.There was a offer going on out in the alley, dogs barking and people shouting, then someone was working a key in the lock o f the back door. A second later, Charlie came in, a little breathless, his clothes smudged here and there with grime, one sleeve of his jacket torn and bloodstained.Asher, Lily said. Youre hurt. She quickly vacated his chair while Ray took Charlie by the shoulders and sat him down.Im fine, Charlie said. No big deal.Ill get the first-aid kit, Ray said. Get that jacket off of him, Lily.Im fine, Charlie said. Quit talking about me like Im not here.Hes delirious, Lily said, trying to pry Charlie out of his jacket. Do you have any painkillers, Ray?I dont need painkillers, Charlie said.Shut up, Asher, theyre not for you, Lily said, automatically, then she considered the book, Rays story, the notes on all the items in the back room, and she shuddered. It appeared that Charlie Asher might not be the hapless geek she always thought him to be. Sorry, boss. Let us help you.Ray came back from the front with a small plastic first-aid kit. He peeled back Charlies sleeve and began to clean the wou nds with gauze and peroxide. What happened?Nothing, Charlie said. I slipped and fell in some gravel. The wounds pretty clean no gravel in it. That must have been some fall.Long story. Charlie sighed. OuchWhat was all the noise in the alley? Lily asked, needing badly to go smoke, but unable to pull herself away. She just couldnt imagine that Charlie Asher was the one. How could it be him? He was so, so, unworthy. He didnt understand the dark underbelly of life the way she did. Yet he was the one seeing the glowing objects. He was it. She was crestfallen.Just the Emperors dogs after a seagull in the Dumpster. No big deal. I fell off a porch in Pacific Heights.The estate, Ray said. Howd that go?Not well. The husband was grief-stricken and had a heart attack while I was there.Youre kidding.No, he just sort of became overwhelmed thinking about his wife and collapsed. I gave him CPR until the EMTs came and took him off to the hospital.So, Lily said, did you get the uh did you get any thing special?What? Charlies eyes went wide. What do you mean, special? There was nothing special.Chill, boss, I just meant will we get the grandmas clothes? Hes it, Lily thought. The fucker.Charlie shook his head. I dont know, its so eerie. The whole thing is so strange. He shuddered when he said it.Strange how? Lily said. Strange in a cool and dark way, or strange because youre Asher and youre out of it most of the time?Lily Ray snapped. Go out front. Dust something.Youre not the boss of me, Ray. Im just showing my concern.Its okay, Ray. Charlie looked like he was considering how, exactly, to define strange, and not coming up with anything that was working. Finally he said, Well, for one thing, this womans estate is way out of our league. The husband said he called me because we were the first secondhand store in the phone book, but he doesnt seem like the kind of man to do something like that.Thats not that strange, Lily said. Just confess, she thought.You said that he was grief -stricken, Ray said, dabbing antibiotic ointment on Charlies cuts. Maybe hes doing things differently.Yes, and he was uncivilised at his wife, too, for the way she died.How? Lily asked.She ate silica gel, Charlie said.Lily looked at Ray for an explanation, because silica gel sounded techno-geeky, which was Rays particular field of operation of geekdom. Ray said, Its the antidesiccant that they pack with electronics and other things that are sensitive to humidity.The Do Not Eat stuff? Lily said. Oh my God, thats so stupid. Everyone knows you dont eat the Do Not Eat stuff.Charlie said, Mr. Mainheart was pretty broken up.Well, I guess so, Lily said. He married a pick up fucktard.Charlie cringed. Lily, thats not appropriate.Lily shrugged and rolled her eyes. She hated it when Charlie dropped into Dad mode. Okay, okay. Im going outside to smoke.No Charlie jumped out of the chair and put himself between Lily and the back door. Out front. From now on if you have to smoke you go out fron t.But you said that I look like a child hooker when I smoke out front.Ive reassessed. Youve matured.Lily closed one eye to see if she could better glimpse into his soul and thus figure out his true agenda. She smoothed over her black vinyl skirt, which made a tortured, squeaking noise at the touch. Youre trying to say I have a big butt, arent you?I absolutely am verbalise no such thing, Charlie insisted. I am simply saying that your presence in front of the store is an asset and will probably attract business from the tourists on the cable car.Oh. Okay. Lily snatched her box of cloves off the desk and headed out past the counter and outside to brood, grieve really, because as much as she had hoped, she was not Death. The book was Charlies.That even Charlie was watching the store, wondering why he had lied to his employees, when he saw a flash of red passing by the front window. A second later, a strikingly pale redhead came through the door. She was wearing a short, black cocktail dress and black fuck-me pumps. She strode up the aisle like she was auditioning for a medical specialty video. Her hair cascaded in long curls around her shoulders and down her back like a great auburn veil. Her eyes were emerald green, and when she saw him looking, she smiled, and stopped, some ten feet away.Charlie felt an almost painful jolt that seemed to emanate from somewhere in the area of his groin, and after a second he recognized it as an autonomic proclivity response. He hadnt felt anything like that since Rachel had passed, and he felt vaguely ashamed.She was examining him, looking him over like you would understand a used car. He was sure he must be blushing.Hi, Charlie said. Can I help you?The redhead smiled again, just a little, and reached into a small black bag that he hadnt noticed shed been carrying. I found this, she said, holding up a silver cigarette case. Something Charlie didnt see very often anymore, even in the secondhand business. It was glowing, pulsat ing like the objects in the back room. I was in the neighborhood and something made me think that this belonged here.She moved to the counter opposite Charlie and set the cigarette case down in front of him.Charlie could barely move. He stared at her, not even conscious that to avoid her eyes he was staring at her cleavage, and she appeared to be looking around his head and shoulders as if following the path of insects that were buzzing around him. cite me, she said.Huh? He looked up, saw she was serious. She held out her hand her nails were manicured and painted the same deep red as her lipstick. He took her hand.As soon as she touched him she pulled away. Youre warm.Thanks. In that moment he realized that she wasnt. Her fingers had been ice-cold.Then youre not one of us?He tried to think of what us might be? Irish? secondary blood pressure? Nymphomaniac? Why did he even think that? Us? What do you mean, us?She backed away a step. No. You dont just take the weak and the sick, do you? You take anyone.Take? What do you mean, take?You dont even know, do you?Know what? Charlie was getting very nervous. As a Beta Male, he found it difficult enough to function under the attention of a beautiful woman, but she was just plain spooky. Wait. Can you see this thing glowing? He held out the cigarette case.No glow. It just felt like it belonged here, she said. Whats your name?Charlie Asher. This is Ashers.Well, Charlie, you seem like a nice guy, and I dont know exactly what you are, and it doesnt seem like you know. You dont, do you?Ive been going through some changes, Charlie said, wondering why he felt compelled to share this at all.The redhead nodded, as if confirming something to herself. Okay. I know what its like to, uh, to find yourself thrown into a situation where forces beyond your control are changing you into someone, something you dont have an owners manual for. I understand what it is to not know. But someone, somewhere, does know. Someone can tell you wha ts going on.What are you talking about? But he knew what she was talking about. What he didnt know was how she could possibly know.You make people die, dont you, Charlie? She said it like she had worked up the resolution to tell him that he had some spinach in his teeth. More of a service to him than an accusation.How do you ? How did she Because its what I do. Not like you, but its what I do. Find them, Charlie. Backtrack and find whoever was there when your world changed.Charlie looked at her, then at the cigarette case, then at the redhead again, who was no longer smiling, but was stepping indisposed toward the door. Trying to stay in touch with normal, he focused on the cigarette case and said, I suppose I can do an appraisal He heard the bell over the door jingle, and when he looked up she was gone.He didnt see her moving by the windows on either side of the door she was just gone. He ran to the front of the store and out the door onto the sidewalk. The Mason Street cable c ar was just topping the hill up by California Street and he could hear the bell, there was a thin fog coming up from the Bay that threw colorful halos around the neon signs of the other businesses, but there was no striking redhead on the street. He went to the corner and looked down Vallejo, but again no redhead, just the Emperor, sitting against the building with his dogs.Good evening, Charlie.Your Majesty, did you see a redhead go by here just now?Oh yes. Spoke to her. Im not sure you have a vista there, Charlie, I believe shes spoken for. And she did warn me to stay away from you.Why? Did she say why?She said that you were Death.I am? Charlie said. Am I? His breath caught in his throat as the day contend back in his head. What if I am?You know, son, the Emperor said, I am not an expert in dealing with the fairer sex, but you might want to save that bit of information until the third date or so, after theyve gotten to know you a little.

Case Study of Eli Lilly&Company Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Of Eli Lilly&Company - Case vignette ExampleAn aging population and the introduction of new products create new opportunities for the firm in the future. raw(a) markets in Asia and Africa also present new opportunities for these drug companies (David, 2011).Pharmaceutical sales globularly are tack to increase in the region between 5 to 7 percent in 2011 to the management everyplace $880 billion, majorly driven by the expected growth in the developing markets (David, 2011). Chinas sales completely are expected to grow 25- 27 percent, showing an increase in the middle class, growing standards of living, and adult government healthcare funding. Bio tech companies have over the years shown a robust revenue growth, albeit from a way much smaller base. Purchasing the bio tech firms will increase their projected sales by between 3 5 percent (David, 2011).Another reason as to why it is important for Eli Lilly to leveraging bio tech firms is the discovery and development of drug usu ally takes a number of years to finish, and could cost way above $500 million, with a no guarantee that there is eventual approval in the market. When a drug puzzles registered and gets a visible, it becomes protected against the same or generic drugs for 5- 15 years (David, 2011). Due to this, injury of the patent protection can greatly affect the firms sales and earnings.Acquiring ergonomics drugs companies is an attractive route. Lily should purchase this biotechnology drug companies since it will be essential in the pharmaceutical labor in the long run. Biotech companies have continued to experience good revenue growth, and by purchasing them lily would become assured of continued profits in the industry (David, 2011).The best way that lily can enter the global market is by introducing a new product in the market. The top three drugs of Eli Lily Zypera, Cymbalta, and Humalog have patent expiration by 2013 (David, 2011). The

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

shed management - Essay ExampleThe main problem that is faced when managing the hear is that the manager has to achieve the goals that soak up been set within time limits and a defined budget. Project life-cycle management is the system of management of the full-page product lifespan beginning from the concept, designing manufacturing and the service. Gido and Clements (2008) add that the Project lifecycle management forms the base of information for companies by giving them a structured method of sorting and utilizing information, which is crucial for the existence of the project. Project management is indwelling in the corporate world as ever firm needs a good managerial procedure for the information that is involved in the execution of a business endeavor. Benefits Being a bundle developer, I work on different projects for different firms to develop their bundle product and trustworthyize how such(prenominal) project management helps enhance the efficiency of the firm. For instance I recently developed software for Grubb and Ellis. The firm had software development for the different stages of their work. The main project was to implement Lease Management of real estate mercenary leases for receivable and payable leases with their respective general ledger charts of accounts, Project Management which included the construction of construction improvement projects with budgets and electronic approvals and lastly Facilities management which included tenant services requests to fix problems within their premise which included maintenance both preventive and proactive. Gido and Clements (2008) explain that the benefit of this software for the firm was that it helped in the shaping of the whole business. In addition, it reduced the time for execution and thus saved the firm a mint candy of time. Since each exploit and service was now organized, it reduced a lot of costs and increased the boilers suit efficiency by making systematic ledger accounts of all transactions for receivable and payable of the real estate. More all over, this also improved the entire service quality as individual transaction was visible and reason which enabled the firm to make customized dealings and giving personalized attention to every client. In addition, since every transaction and record was properly entered, there was a log of everything and the timing of every transaction every customer request for maintenance etc was also known which made the entre service very precise, which was appreciated by the customers. Moreover, with such project management software, the firm was also able to assess potential opportunities for business and how beneficial every customer could be in the future. With this, the firm was able to direct its resources in a more validating fashion and in turn earn the business better revenues. In addition, since the data had been stored systematically, it now became easier to go back and forth to older data and save time. Moreo ver, an optimized version of every product was seen as everything was operated via software and the products and services were now easier to understand and implement. The model of the business can also be replicated in other(a) regions if the firm plans to expand its business. The system would also enable the firm to operate its regional offices through one and only(a) system and since there were centralized product and services records, decision-making was facilitated and there was a better control over